Voltage converter for car, 13,6/36,127,220 volts 40 watts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters
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For a motorist, especially on a long halt, the only source of electricity is the car battery. Therefore, naturally, all camping lighting and heating devices are powered by it. And if on the road you need devices designed for voltages of 36, 127 or 220 V? It's OK. The voltage converter will help out, the circuit of which is shown in fig. 4.36.
The described device allows you to power an electric soldering iron for a voltage of 36 V, an electric razor and other devices. The maximum load power of the converter is 40 W, while the current consumed from the battery is approximately 4 A. Using the XP1 plug, the converter is connected to the cigarette lighter or socket connected to the car battery. In order to reduce the dimensions of the design of the converter, the frequency of the master oscillator, assembled on the elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, was chosen to be about 25 kHz. Elements DD1.3 and DD1.4 form a buffer stage, the load of which is the winding I of the matching transformer T1. Voltage pulses on the windings II and III of the transformer control powerful key transistors VT1, VT2. In this case, the current in the primary winding of the transformer T2 of the converter reaches 8 A in a pulse, which provides the required power on its secondary windings. The supply voltage to the elements of the master oscillator and the buffer stage is supplied through the decoupling filter L1, C4 ... C7.
In order for the generator to generate a symmetrical signal - a meander, necessary to control transistor switches, a chain R1, VD1 is introduced into it, which equalizes the duration of charging and discharging capacitor C1. Winding III of the transformer T2 is designed to connect to it (via connectors XS1, XS2) devices for a voltage of 36 ... 40 V. By tapping the winding, you can change the power consumed by the load, for example, select the heating temperature of the soldering iron tip. Winding II of this transformer is designed to power devices designed for alternating voltages of 127 and 220 V. Part of the voltage taken from the top section of the winding according to the diagram is rectified by diodes VD4 ... VD7 connected according to the bridge circuit. As a result, a constant voltage of 5 V acts on the XS115 connector - to power an electric shaver with a commutator motor. However, this voltage may have a different meaning - depending on the specific model of the electric shaver.
Converter circuits, through which a large current flows, should be carried out with a wire with a diameter of at least 2 mm, possibly as short as possible. This requirement also applies to the wires connecting the converter to the battery.
The DD1 chip of the converter can be K561LE5, the diode VD1 is any high-frequency small-sized one, the transistors VT1 and VT2 are KT827 with letter indices B, V. The inductance of the inductor L1 can be 10 ... 200 μH. Transformer T1 is made on a K20x12x6 ring of 2000NM ferrite. Winding I contains 120 turns, and windings II and III - 45 turns of wire PEV-2-0,2. The magnetic circuit of the transformer T2 is two rings of size K32x20x9 glued together made of ferrite 2000NM. Its winding I contains 4,5 turns of wire PEV-2-2,0, winding II - 88 turns of wire PEV-2-0,4 (from water from 36 to 50 turns, counting from the beginning), winding III - 16 turns of wire PEV-2-1,0 (outlet from the 14th turn). Before winding the wire, the sharp edges of the rings must be smoothed with a needle file, and then the magnetic circuit should be wrapped with varnished cloth or insulating tape.
The adjustment of the voltage converter is as follows. First, by selecting a resistor R1, a pulse signal is obtained at the output of the buffer stage, close in shape to a meander. Then, if necessary, by selecting the capacitor O, the frequency of the master oscillator is set equal to 25 ... 27 kHz. The current drawn by the converter without load should be approximately 500 mA. A similar converter can be adapted for a motorcycle. For loads designed for other voltages, it is only necessary to recalculate the data of the transformer T2.
Author: Semyan A.P.
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