Automatic energy saver. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Clocks, timers, relays, load switches
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So that the lighting lamps in the entrance of the house, in the hallway of the company's office, in the corridor of a multi-room apartment do not burn in vain with bright light, it is enough to supplement the wall-mounted power switch with an economy automatic device, which will constantly provide minimum illumination and only after pressing the start button for a few minutes turn on the lighting lamp at full power. Such a machine will reduce energy consumption by at least half.
Where there is no switch, for example, in an ordinary multi-storey building, it is easy to install it on the ground floor, and on the landings of the remaining floors, place duplicate buttons connected in parallel to the main one.
The auto-economy machine (Fig. 1), which is a trinistor power regulator with pulse-phase control, is connected to the mains in series with an incandescent lighting lamp (EL1). When the contacts of the switch SB2 are closed, the alternating voltage of the network is rectified by the diode bridge VD3. From its output, the pulsating voltage is supplied to the trinistor VS1 and through the voltage regulator R5VD2 to the unijunction transistor VT2.
With the beginning of each half-wave of the mains voltage, the capacitor C1 is charged through the resistors R3, R2 and the field effect transistor VT1. At the moments when the capacitor is charged to the opening voltage of the unijunction transistor, it quickly discharges through the open junction of this transistor and the control electrode circuit of the trinistor. This leads to the opening of the trinis-torus and the supply of mains voltage to the EL1 lamp. The lower the charging current of capacitor C1, the later the trinistor will open and the dimmer the lamp will glow.
In the initial state, which is the standby mode of the device, the capacitor C2 is discharged, so the transistor VT1 is closed. At this time, the charging current of the capacitor C1 flows through the tuning resistor R3, which sets the brightness of the standby lamp.
If you press the SB1 button in this mode, even briefly, the capacitor C2 will quickly charge through the resistor R1 and the diode VD1 almost to the supply voltage of the unijunction transistor. As a result, the transistor VT1 will open, its drain-source resistance will decrease sharply (up to several hundred ohms), which will cause the charging current of the capacitor C1 to increase, and the unijunction transistor VT2 will open at the beginning of each half-wave of the mains voltage. In this case, the brightness of the lamp will be maximum for several tens of seconds, until the capacitor C2 is slowly discharged through the resistor R4 so that the resistance of the drain-source section begins to increase. The brightness of the lamps will gradually decrease to the set standby level. In addition to those indicated in the diagram, details can be used in the device: transistor VT1 - KP301 with letter indices B-G, VT2 - KT117 with letter indices A, B, G; diode VD1 - any rectifier or pulse small-sized; zener diode VD2 for stabilization voltage 10 ... 14 V; rectifier bridge VD3 - KTs402B - KTs402G; capacitor C1 - KLS, KM, C2 - K50-16. tuning resistor R3 - SP4-1, SPO, the rest - MLT. Pushbutton switches SB1 and SB2 (P2K type) are mounted on the board using long MXNUMX screws with nuts.
The finished device is closed from the outside with a cover of insulating material.
Device circuit board
Setting up the machine comes down mainly to setting the time during which the brightness of the lamp should be maintained at maximum. This is done by selecting capacitor C2. And by selecting the resistor R1, you can change the time for establishing the maximum brightness of the lamp.
The total load power of the machine should not exceed 220 watts.
Author: I. Nechaev, Kursk; Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru
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