Wind energy cadastre. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Wind power installations. Wind energy cadastre. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The wind on Earth, as a phenomenon, has a common origin with light emissions, biomass formation processes and many other phenomena caused by the flow of incident solar energy. This also means that there is a connection between all these phenomena, which has a complex stochastic nature of spatiotemporal correlations and throughout the history of the Earth forms the climate in various parts of the Earth, including such relatively stable characteristics as the average annual ambient temperature, the total specific flux of solar radiation, distribution wind speeds at different heights from the earth's surface, the volume and reproduction of biomass in the form of forests and grasses.

The inclusion of these renewable energy sources by mankind in the economic circulation leads, strictly speaking, to a violation of the dynamic balance between them that has developed over many years. This also means that the energy potentials of these sources are dependent on each other and correspond to some, not yet created, theory of the unified potential of the free energy of the Earth and its distribution over the surface. The independent assessment of the gross potential of wind energy in the region, which is being developed at this stage of research, as well as independent assessments of the gross potentials of solar energy or biomass, are of a purely qualitative, indicative nature.

Climatological characteristics of the wind situation in the regions of Russia. The wind at different heights in the Earth's atmosphere for each point on its surface is characterized by its speed, which, strictly speaking, is a random variable in space and

time, depending on many factors of the area, season of the year and weather conditions. All processes directly related to the use of the current value of wind speed, in particular, the production of electricity in wind turbines, are of a complex random nature, so that their characteristics have a statistical scatter and uncertainty of the average expected values. Therefore, at the present level of research, the task of estimating them is formulated as creating a probabilistic description of a random process by dividing the entire time process into separate time intervals, within each of which one can use the stationarity approximation, i.e. independence, of all determined parameters from time. As the stationarity period, various time intervals can be taken with the appropriate accuracy of description, depending on the real conditions of the random process. In particular, in some approximation, the process can be considered stationary over the entire time interval under consideration, for example, during a year.

In order to systematize the characteristics of the wind situation in a particular region for the purpose of its efficient energy use, as a rule, a wind energy cadastre is developed, which is a combination of aerological and energy characteristics of the wind, which makes it possible to determine its energy value, as well as the appropriate parameters and operating modes of wind turbines.

The main characteristics of the wind energy cadastre are:

average annual wind speed, annual and daily wind patterns;
speed repeatability, types and parameters of speed distribution functions;
maximum wind speed;
distribution of wind periods and periods of energy lulls by duration;
specific power and specific wind energy;
wind energy resources of the region.

Since the 50s. XNUMXth century in Russia, extensive work was launched to create wind energy cadastres, although the northern and eastern regions of the country were not actually considered. The main source of initial data for the development of the wind energy cadastre are observations of wind characteristics at the core network of meteorological stations. These observations, carried out several times a day, are carried out according to a single methodology with a fixed classification of observation sites according to their degree of openness and cover periods of tens of years.

Over the past 25-30 years there has been a qualitative change in the level of these observations. With the help of measurements on high-altitude meteorological and television masts, refined information was obtained on the vertical velocity profile in the surface layer up to 500 m high. Some meteorological stations and some interested organizations conduct continuous observations in automatic mode.

These measurements, as a rule, are inferior in duration to long-term observations of the hydrometeorological service, but they are especially important when measuring fast-changing processes, including wind gusts and its maximum pulsations, as well as when assessing the operating periods and idle periods of wind turbines.

Author: Magomedov A.M.

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