Autonomous solar power plants with solar radiation concentrators. Scheme, description

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Photovoltaic installations. Autonomous solar power plants with solar radiation concentrators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Autonomous solar power plant (code GEM-1,5)shown in fig. 2.7, is intended for power supply of an individual consumer.

Photovoltaic installations. Autonomous solar power plants with solar radiation concentrators
Fig.2.7. Solar power plant GEM-1,5

The advantages of the installation are based on the use of photovoltaic modules in combination with flat mirror concentrators, which increase the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy by 1,5 - 2 times and a tracking system that provides automatic tracking of the Sun from sunrise to sunset and thereby increased " collection of incident solar energy.

Solar power plant GEM-1,5 has the following technical parameters:

peak output electrical power of the installation - 1,5 kW;
area receiving solar radiation surface - 25 m2;
the number of photovoltaic modules designed to generate DC electrical energy with a peak power of 40 W at an insolation of 1 kW/m2 - 25 pieces;
concentration factor -1,5-2;
tracking the position of the Sun - automatic, with an accuracy of no worse than -2 °;
the generation of electrical energy during the day by the GEM-1,5 installation is three times higher in comparison with a similar one containing fixedly installed, for example, on the roof of a building, photovoltaic modules used in the installation.

Autonomous solar photovoltaic installation (code SFEU-1), shown in Figure 2.8, provides combined generation of electrical and thermal energy and is intended for use as a module of a solar power station of a block-modular design.

Photovoltaic installations. Autonomous solar power plants with solar radiation concentrators
Fig.2.8. Solar photovoltaic installation SFEU-1

The installation equipment is installed on a single-axis turntable with an automatic tracking system for the movement of the Sun, on two arms of which there are two systems concentrating solar radiation. One of them (right part in Fig.) is made of a set of flat mirrors, the area and shape of the surface of which corresponds to the shape of the surface of a photothermal receiver-converter, composed of a set of single-crystal silicon elements connected in series and forming a photocell extended along the axis of the concentrator. The concentrator, by adjusting its constituent mirrors, ensures uniform illumination of all elements of the photothermal receiver and increases its illumination by 13 times.

The heat released during operation from the outlet of the radiator of the photothermal receiver in the form of heated water enters the water heating element, made in the form of a pipe, installed at the focus of the concentrator located on the other arm of the turntable.

Solar installation SFEU-1 has the following technical parameters:

output peak electric power - 0,8 kW and thermal - 10 kW at insolation 1000 W/m;
the area of the concentrating system of the photovoltaic part receiving solar radiation - 24 m2 and 32 m2 - the water heating part;
the limiting coefficient of concentration of the photovoltaic part: 12 with uneven illumination in the plane of the photodetector is not worse - 10%, and 30 - the water-heating part;
a cooled tubular photothermal receiver provides a coefficient of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy no worse than 10% and no worse than 70% into thermal energy.

The automated solar tracking system is powered by photovoltaic modules of the MS-40 type, which ensures the autonomy of the installation (without human intervention).

Autonomous solar ultraviolet installation (code UV-05), presented in Fig. 2.9, is intended for accelerated testing of materials, paints, coatings; for the destruction of chemical contaminants, in particular, for the disinfection of drinking water. The concentrator of the installation, consisting of 150 flat hexagonal bevels with a circumscribed circle size of 420 mm, is mounted on a turntable. The paraboloid truss of the installation has a diameter of about 5 m with a radius of curvature at the top of 6 m.

Photovoltaic installations. Autonomous solar power plants with solar radiation concentrators
Fig.2.9. Autonomous solar ultraviolet installation UV-05

To concentrate the UV part of the solar spectrum necessary for irradiating the sample, flat facets are made of glass with a multilayer interference coating that reflects solar radiation in a given UV wavelength range and transmits radiation from the rest of the solar spectrum. The receiver-reactor of the installation is a massive metal frame of rectangular section, on two opposite sides of which tube plates are mounted to accommodate 16 quartz glass tubes located in two rows, through which the liquid processed by UV radiation is passed. It should be noted that the installation is completely autonomous and does not require an external source of electricity - four photovoltaic modules with a peak power of 40 W, each placed on the concentrator, fully ensure the operation of the automated tracking system for the Sun from sunrise to sunset with an accuracy of no worse than 2 °.

The capacity of the water treatment plant is up to 1,5m3/hour. The efficiency of water purification from harmful biological components in one pass at an insolation of 500 W/m is 70%.

As is known, the combined effect, over a long period of time, of the atmosphere and solar radiation can cause irreversible changes (degradation or natural aging) of a wide range of materials and products, for example, changes in the color of building and finishing materials, paint and varnish coatings and textile dyes, known as "burning out or "fading". Therefore the use of UV-05. as a facility for accelerated ultraviolet testing of various materials, it can reduce the time for material aging testing from several years to several weeks.

Solar power plant (code - GEU-5) presented in Fig. 2.10 is intended for testing the technology for obtaining highly concentrated solar radiation in a spot commensurate with the diameter of cavity receivers of real heat engines, for example, Stirling electrical units, gas generator turbines.

Photovoltaic installations. Autonomous solar power plants with solar radiation concentrators
Fig.2.10. Solar power plant GEU-5

The concentrator of the solar power plant, which is a composite mirror with a diameter of about 5 meters, composed of 180 elementary aluminum mirrors (bevels) of a hexagonal shape with a circumscribed circle diameter of 420 mm. The facet is a spherical mirror with its own radius of curvature, determined by its location on the concentrator. In total, the concentrator uses 7 types of facets, respectively, located on concentric circles equidistant from its center.

Solar power plant GEM-5 has the following technical parameters:

diameter of the composite facet concentrator -5 m;
facets made of aluminum with a spherical surface shape in the amount of 180 pieces, laid along the generatrix of a paraboloid in 7 rows;
facet shape and size - hexagonal, circumscribed circle diameter - 420 mm;
facet reflective surface processing technology - diamond turning;
reflection coefficient in the range of the solar spectrum is not less than 85%;
calculated concentration factor - 3100, which provides the size of the focused beam - 90 mm;
the calculated value of thermal energy at the focus of the concentrator is 12,3 kW at an insolation level of 1000 W/m;
the temperature reached in the cavity receiver is 550°C.

Author: Magomedov A.M.

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