What are the highest mountains on Earth? Detailed answer

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What are the highest mountains on Earth? Detailed answer

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What are the highest mountains on Earth?

First of all, what are mountains? Mountains are part of the earth's land, rising above the plains. Mountains vary greatly in size and surface. Some of them are huge, massive, reaching several kilometers in height. Others are low and level. Their height can only reach 300 meters above the surrounding area. Some mountains are freestanding peaks. But most often they are combined into mountain ranges. Some mountain ranges have hundreds or even thousands of peaks. Mountains rise not only on land. They can also occur at sea.

In fact, at the bottom of the ocean depths are the most powerful mountains on earth. If we consider the height of the mountains, taking into account their surface and underwater parts, then Mauna Kea in the Hawaiian Islands will be the highest. Its height above sea level is 4205 meters, and at least 4877 meters are hidden under water. That is, the total height of the mountain is 9100 meters or even more. This is the highest mountain in the world.

The highest land mountain is Everest. It is located on the border between Nepal and China. Its height is 8848 meters.

The second highest mountain is K2, or Godwin Austen peak in Kashmir. Its height is 8611 meters.

The highest mountain in North America is McKinley, 6194 meters high.

The highest mountain in Europe is Elbrus, it reaches 5633 meters.

In Africa, the highest mountain is Kilimanjaro, 5963 meters.

In South America, the highest mountain is Aconcagua on the Argentine-Chilean border, 6969 meters.

And in Australia it is Kosiusko, 2226 meters.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How does a sundial tell time?

The sun was the first clock for man. Long ago, man determined what time it was by looking at the sun as it moved across the sky. It was easy to distinguish between sunrise and sunset, but it was much more difficult to know the time when the sun rose above the horizon. It was during these daylight hours that it was difficult to tell the time, guided by the sun.

The man noticed that the length of the shadow changes throughout the day. It became clear that the time could be more accurately determined by looking at the shadow rather than at the sun. This discovery was only one step away from the invention of the sundial, which is actually a shadow clock. Instead of trying to look at the sun and associate the time of day with it, it is better to look at the shadow, which reflects the position of the sun in the sky. The first sundial was simply a pole stuck into the ground.

Stones placed around the pillar showed the position of the shadow as it moved throughout the day. So a person could measure the current time. Later they began to use huge stone columns. Cleopatra's Needle, now on the Thames in London, is part of such a sundial. But smaller sundials were also used. One small Egyptian clock, which is 3500 years old, is in the shape of the letter L. It lies flat on the long side of this letter, and the marks show 6 periods of time.

About 300 BC. e. the ancient Babylonian astronomer invented a new type of sundial, shaped like a bowl, a ball. The shadow cast by the pointer moved and marked 12 hours a day. This type of sundial was very accurate and has been used for centuries.

Sundial can be seen in the gardens nowadays, but it was built more for entertainment than for real use. However, crude sundials can sometimes be seen on walls and window shutters. They are designed so that the crutch or edge of the window casing casts a shadow.

In an accurate sundial, the pointer should be placed at an angle equal to the latitude of the place where the clock is used. Just a vertical stick shows the correct time only at a certain latitude, at a certain time of the year. If the dial is flat, the hour markers should be unevenly spaced on it.

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Over the past four years, solar panels using graphene have set two efficiency records. First, in 2012, scientists from Florida State University (USA) created a prototype photovoltaic cell, which consisted of a silicon semiconductor wafer coated with a layer of graphene treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. That prototype showed an efficiency of 8,6%. Two years later, Spanish and British scientists completely got rid of the silicon substrate in such a device, which allowed them to increase the efficiency to 15,6%. To do this, they had to use graphene, titanium oxide and perovskite.

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