Solar collectors. Heating of premises. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Solar collectors. Heating of premises. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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An active solar heating system can not only provide hot water, but also additional heating via a district heating system. To ensure the performance of such a system, the temperature of the central heating must be kept to a minimum (preferably around 50°C), and it is also necessary to store heat for heating. A successful solution is the combination of a solar heating system with floor heating, in which the floor acts as a heat accumulator.

Solar installations for space heating are less profitable than water heaters from both an economic and energy point of view, since heating is rarely needed in the summer. But if you need to heat rooms in the summer (for example, in mountainous areas), then heating installations become profitable. In Central Europe, for example, about 20% of the total heat load of a traditional house and about 50% of a low-energy house can be supplied by a modern active solar system equipped with a heat storage system. The remaining heat must be provided by an additional power plant. To increase the share of energy received from the Sun, it is necessary to increase the volume of the heat accumulator.

In Switzerland, solar installations are being built for private houses with well-insulated storage tanks with a capacity of 5-30m3 (the so-called Jenny systems), but they are expensive, and hot water storage is often impractical. The solar component of the Jenny system exceeds 50% and even reaches 100%.

If the system described above were fully powered by a solar water heating plant, a 25 m2 collector and an 85 m3 storage tank with 100 cm of thermal insulation would be needed.

Although it is technically possible to heat individual dwellings with solar energy, it is more cost effective today to invest in thermal insulation to reduce heating demand.

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Earth Asteroid Shield 20.02.2012

Established in January 2012, an international group of scientists and engineers launched the NEOShield project. Over the next three and a half years, she will work to develop means to protect the Earth from asteroid impacts.
The exact date of the last fall of a large asteroid to Earth is unknown. But the surface of our planet still bears traces of cosmic bombardment, like the 6 km Nordlinger Ries crater in Bavaria.

A total of 13 organizations from research institutes and industrial companies will jointly explore technologies to prevent asteroid and comet impacts, in particular, ways to use special spacecraft to remove dangerous asteroids from orbit.

On the trajectory of approach to the Earth, asteroids usually have a speed of 5 to 30 kilometers per second. Existing examples of asteroid impacts, such as the 1,2-km Barringer crater in Arizona or the Tunguska region in Siberia, demonstrate the damage that space "guests" can cause. However, even smaller asteroids can cause massive destruction if they fall on a large city. So, the crater in Arizona was formed as a result of the fall of an object about 50 meters in diameter. Thousands of similar asteroids have been discovered over the past 50 years, which means that dangerous impacts with Earth are likely to occur every few hundred years.

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