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Silicon-carbon will extend battery life

15.02.2021

Huawei has patented a silicon-carbon composite material and a method for producing it. This material is planned to be used in new lithium-ion batteries to extend their service life.

According to the patent description, we are talking about a durable composite material that includes a core (core) coated with an alkaline layer. The silicon core is filled with amorphous carbon, while the pore size does not exceed 50 nm.

The patent states that the tiny pore structure of the silicon-carbon composite material can effectively reduce the contact area between the silicon material and the electrolyte, which reduces the possibility of side reactions and prolongs battery life.

At the same time, the graphite framework can effectively reduce the volumetric expansion and contraction of the material to improve the structural stability and energy density of the composite material.

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A modern terahertz spectrometer allows you to determine almost all substances: in the part of the spectrum that such a device captures, radiation falls, which produces most condensed media - liquids, solids, living tissues - and, of course, explosive materials.

However, the device itself is rather bulky and slow: it needs a radiation source the size of a system unit, and the analysis of one sample takes up to half an hour - not the most convenient way to look for explosives at the airport.

In traditional spectrometers, the reaction of the analyte to radiation with a certain frequency is measured, and a new measurement is made for each frequency - and this requires, among other things, mechanical manipulations with the apparatus. That is why the analysis takes a long time in traditional spectrometers.

The response from MIT developers is the Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). It is about the size of a microcircuit, and gives the result in 100 microseconds.

Like all electric lasers, QCL "drives" an electromagnetic wave in the active medium back and forth until its energy allows it to go outside. To order the frequencies of the waves produced by the laser, the engineers at MIT used a frequency comb. It generates a series of pulses ordered by wavelength.

The method was tested on a material whose spectrum had been calculated in advance, and the results were very accurate.

But there is one problem: although the quantum cascade lasers themselves are very small, they need to be cooled to very low temperatures, and the refrigerator takes up a lot of space. The developers are working on increasing the operating temperature and on other ways to solve the issue. For example, it is possible to cool the device not all the time, but only in those fractions of a second when the laser is working.

Experts call the use of QCLs in spectrographs a breakthrough - perhaps this technology will make it possible to create very compact and very fast spectrometers that can be used anywhere - including at airports for streaming baggage scanning. Then those who pass the control will not have a single chance to carry a prohibited substance on board.

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