Solar collectors. liquid collectors. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Solar collectors. liquid collectors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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In liquid collectors, solar energy heats a liquid flowing through tubes attached to an absorber plate. The heat absorbed by the plate is immediately transferred to the fluid.

The tubes can be located parallel to each other, each with inlet and outlet openings, or in the form of a coil. The serpentine arrangement of the tubes eliminates the possibility of leakage through the connecting holes and ensures a uniform flow of fluid. On the other hand, draining fluid to prevent freezing may be difficult, as water may remain in places in the bent tubes.

Solar collectors. Liquid manifolds

The simplest liquid systems use ordinary water, which is heated directly in the collector and supplied to the bathroom, kitchen, etc. This model is known as an "open-loop" (or "direct") system. In regions with cold climates, liquid collectors need to drain water during the cold season when temperatures drop to the freezing point; or non-freezing liquid is used as a coolant. In such systems, the coolant liquid absorbs the heat accumulated in the collector and passes through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is usually a water tank installed in the house, in which heat is transferred to the water. This model is called a “closed system” (“indirect”). If it is necessary to prevent mixing of the coolants of the solar collector and, for example, a heat pump, special boilers are used.

Glazed liquid collectors are used for heating domestic water and also for space heating. Unglazed collectors typically heat water for swimming pools. Since such collectors do not need to withstand high temperatures, they use inexpensive materials: plastic, rubber. They do not need protection from freezing, as they are used in the warm season.

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