Designs of wind turbines and wind power plants. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Designs of wind turbines and wind power plants. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The wind flow passing through the area F swept by the blades of the wind turbine (Fig. 2.1) has energy

, J, (2.1)

where w - wind speed, m/s, m - air mass.

Designs of wind turbines and wind turbines
Fig.2.1. Wind turbine scheme: 1 - tower; 2 - current collector; 3 gondola; 4 - electric generator; 5 - reducer; 6 - rotor

In a second, a mass flows through the area F kg/s, where - air density, kg / m , p - atmospheric pressure, Pa, R = 287 J / (kg.K) - gas constant, T - absolute temperature, K. For a bladed wind wheel, area F is determined through the length of the blade . Accordingly, the electric power N developed by the wind turbine is determined by the formula

, W, (2.2)

where - wind turbine efficiency, - electrical efficiency of the wind generator and converter (within 0,70...0,85).

It has been experimentally established that wind turbines with a vertical rotor axis are less efficient than wind wheels with a horizontal axis and two or three blades. Modern blades are made of fiberglass, they are designed by hydrodynamic methods, taking into account three-dimensional flow. The width (chord) of the blade decreases towards the tip to reduce noise. The noise level near the wind turbine operating at full capacity does not exceed 100 dB. The length of the blade reaches 50 m, respectively, the height of the tower-mast exceeds 50 m. The efficiency of modern wind turbines Pv is at the level of 25.33%. The operation of the wind turbine is designed for wind speeds from 3 to 25 m/s, the maximum design wind speed before the destruction of the rotor is 60 m/s.

With different wind strengths, the same standard frequency should be provided, i.e. the same number of revolutions of the rotor. This is achieved by automatically adjusting the angle of attack of the blade. The nacelle of the wind turbine turns automatically on the tower against the wind.

Author: Labeish V.G.

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