Advantages and features of wind turbines. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Advantages and features of wind turbines. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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A single-blade wind turbine scheme provides generator rotation 1,5-2 times faster than 2-blade and 3-blade analogs with the same efficiency, which reduces the weight and cost of the generator by the same amount. The neodymium-iron-boron rare-earth magnet generator is 50% made of fiberglass, an unconventional material for generators, which reduces its weight and simplifies production technology.

The use of electricity from the wind is economically viable at average annual wind speeds of more than 5 m/s, or in the absence (or irregular supply) of mains electricity.

Particular attention should be paid not only to the power of the wind turbine (namely, the wind turbine, and not the inverter included in the kit), but also at what wind speed this power can be obtained.

Some sellers of finished products represent inflated figures. It is not difficult to calculate the power that a wind turbine with a propeller of a specific diameter can deliver. The power of the wind turbine practically depends only on the wind speed V and the diameter of the propeller D, and all other factors - the number of blades, their weight, area, profile, generator, bearings do not give a large error.

Simplified formula for calculating the power actually delivered by the wind depending on the wind speed and propeller diameter: P(kW) = D2V3/7000, with an accuracy of ±20% (depends on the efficiency of the propeller and generator); tolerance + 20% - an ideal wind turbine, its price will increase by 2-3 times, and -20% resembles the first and inefficient windmill of an amateur enthusiast. With equal power of the wind turbine, choose the one with the larger diameter of the wind wheel (blade).

When choosing a wind turbine, it must be borne in mind that the most cost-effective power output (under the wind conditions of a particular area) is obtained at a 2-fold average annual wind speed, which can be called nominal.

For the Moscow region, Vav year = 4 m/s, and Vnom = 8 m/s.

For a wind turbine with a propeller diameter of 5 m, the power is P = 52-(4x2)3/7000 = 1,83 kW. Thus, the rated power of the wind turbine will not exceed 2 kW with a propeller diameter of 5 m, and more powerful wind turbines with the same propeller diameter will not give practically any gain, but their price will be higher.

Of course, where there is a lot of open space (steppes, hills, rugged terrain, "endless virgin" fields, near the sea), the installation of wind turbines is most efficient, the wind speed is greater than the "average", and most importantly, more stable. Therefore, even in one locality (for example, St. Petersburg) there are places that are most attractive for installing wind turbines (on the shores of the Gulf of Finland) and less attractive - in a residential area among houses.

For St. Petersburg (as well as in coastal and steppe regions), the average wind speed per year Vav year = 5,5 m/s, Vnom = 11 m/s, and the nominal power will be equal to Р = 52-(5,5x2)3 /7000 = 4,75 kW, which corresponds to a wind turbine with a rated power of 5 kW and the same propeller with a diameter of 5 m.

Savings calculations

The resource of a gearless wind turbine is more than 10 years.

The average electricity generation will be 800-1200 kWh per month, that is, about 12 kWh per year, which, with the cost of mains electricity of 000 rubles (in St. Petersburg) per 1,85 kWh, will save more than 1 rubles per year. Thus, the entire payback period of wind turbines will be about 22 years at an average annual wind speed of 000 m/s.

And if compared with autonomous electricity from a gas generator, whose cost of 1 kW / hour is about 7 rubles, then the payback period of the wind turbine will be correspondingly 5 times less, that is, no more than 1 year.

Author: Kashkarov A.P.

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