Wind power plant - do it yourself. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Wind power plant - do it yourself. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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For those who consider it possible to assemble wind turbines with their own hands, I recommend using a generator from cars and trucks as an electric generator. For example, a generator from a PAZ bus gives high stability of the output voltage (nominal 24 V) even at a blade rotation speed of 500 rpm. The electrical part of the station can be made up of: a G273A generator from a KamAZ vehicle with a voltage of 24 V and a power of 2200 W; at 5000 rpm, it can theoretically develop a power of 560 W if at least 4 hours a day the wind was blowing at a speed of 6 m/s.

The simplest option for converting the mechanical energy of a wind turbine into electrical energy in rural conditions is to use an automobile or tractor valve generator with a voltage of 14 or (24) 28 V. The generator has a stator winding, a rectifier and a voltage regulator. The regulator is configured in such a way that a constant voltage is maintained at the output (deviation - up to 5% when the rotor speed changes in the range of 1:12 in automobile and 1:4 in tractor generators). Thanks to this regulator, a car generator can generate DC electricity with a practically constant voltage with significant fluctuations in the speed of the wind turbine.

The torque is transmitted from the wind turbine shaft (minimum rotational speed without loss of output voltage stability 200-300 rpm) to the generator shaft (rated rotational speed - 5000 rpm) directly or using a multi-stage gearbox, which greatly complicates the design, as well as its reliability (durability).

To equalize the power given by the wind turbine when the wind speed changes, a battery is also needed here. It accumulates energy in strong winds and releases it in calm weather or in light winds.

The choice of battery capacity depends on many factors: the average speed and frequency of the wind in the area, the power of wind turbines, the power of electricity consumers, the duration of maximum consumption per day.

The rotating housing of the generator is made long enough (0,5 m) to be able to fix the blade (blades) at the rear on the hinges.

The support for installing a wind turbine can be steel, lattice, modular. With a height of one module of 2,5 m, the design allows you to "gain" the required height, depending on the type of terrain and surrounding buildings. In the upper part of the windmill support, a "rocker" is installed, with a vertical axis of rotation. A wind generator is installed at one end of the rocker arm, and a counterweight is installed at the other (by analogy with Fig. 2.1).

Some examples and conclusions

I saw a conventional asynchronous AC motor connected to the blade in a gearless version and turned on in the generation mode (at the output of 220 V) on a working wind turbine model assembled in a "handicraft" way in the Vologda region by one Moscow "designer". In this case, the apparent savings are obvious - there is no need for expensive inverters, a charge controller and batteries, because the current flows directly from the generator into the energy circuit of a village house, but the efficiency of the device is low.

The output power of the installation is 350 W, the 100-W light bulb flickers strongly due to the instability of the generator speed (wind speed), in addition, electrical wires more than 50 m long with a voltage of 220 V from the wind turbine to the house are not the best solution in terms of security. Well, of course, the most important thing is to connect anything else (especially from expensive household appliances) to such a wind generator is simply dangerous - it can fail due to instability. Therefore, it is still better to use professionally manufactured high-power wind turbines, although they will cost much more.

Author: Kashkarov A.P.

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