Practical advice for installing photovoltaic modules. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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Can photovoltaic modules (solar panels) be installed on the roof of my house? What factors need to be considered?
The most important questions for making a positive decision on the placement of photovoltaic cells are the following:
- Is there a suitable place on the building where solar panels can be installed?
- Is there a type of photovoltaic system that is suitable for your conditions (climate, building type, etc.)?
- Is a permit required to install solar panels?
Photovoltaic modules can be placed on almost any building surface that receives sufficient sunlight for most of the day. Rooftops are a common location for PV systems in homes, however, PV modules can also be placed on facades, balconies, walls, and even windows. The surface on which the solar panels are supposed to be placed should receive as much sunlight as possible. The more light the surface of the photovoltaic module receives, the more electricity it can produce.
The efficiency of a photovoltaic module depends on 3 factors:
1. Orientation to the cardinal points
The placement of the photovoltaic module should preferably be oriented in a sector between the southwest and southeast directions. The southern exposure is the most preferable. Locations "to the north" should be avoided.
2. Tilt angle
When placed at an angle, the surface of the PV module receives more light than when placed vertically or horizontally. The tilt angle can be in the range from 15 to 90°. A minimum slope of 15° ensures that the surface of the photovoltaic module is naturally cleaned from dust during precipitation. In the European part of Russia, the optimal angle of inclination is the range of 30-60° with a southern exposure. Conventionally, we can say that the optimal angle of inclination is equal to the latitude of the area. For east or west exposure, the angle of inclination is less than optimal for the given latitude.
3. Shading
When installing photovoltaic cells, it is necessary to take into account shadows from nearby trees or buildings. The presence of even a small shade during the day can significantly reduce the performance of the solar panel. If the shadow cannot be completely avoided, the installation company should be consulted for the optimal placement of the PV module.
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