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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
In the Mediterranean Sea, French biologists have found a single-celled algae that moves with extraordinary speed: a cell 1,2 microns long crawls a millimeter per second, which is more than 800 times its length. If cars were driving at the same speed, then the average passenger car would develop a speed of more than three kilometers per second. The alga was given the name Bolidomonad. If the information contained on the first human chromosome were typed on a typewriter or computer, the printout would take up 60 pages. According to the latest census, half a million people live off the sea in France. But these are mostly not sailors or fishermen, but workers in the tourism and recreation sector. Indian botanists managed to grow from the mysterious particles that colored the rains over the state of Kerala in red, the algae trentepolia. So it really was algae spores, not cells from a mysterious alien organism. The study of ice columns obtained by drilling in Antarctica showed that in the last 30 thousand years 40 thousand tons of cosmic dust fell on Earth annually. Diabetes most often begins in March. Hungarian doctors came to this conclusion after studying the statistics of diagnosing diabetes for five years in one of the regions of Hungary. This disease is found in March one and a half times more often than in August. According to German sociologists, Western telecommunications firms are trying to get rid of employees over 40 years old. For example, the Swedish firm Ericsson offers to pay a large cash bonus to an employee over 35 who voluntarily leaves work. Every 7-10 days, a new coal fired power plant opens in China. About 2% of Europeans are allergic to apples. In Holland, a variety of apples has been bred that does not cause an allergic reaction in the majority of those sensitive to a specific protein found in ordinary varieties. New radar data from the South Pole of the Moon shows that hopes for ice deposits in deep craters shaded from the rays of the Sun have not materialized. It was assumed that future lunar colonists would be able to extract water and oxygen from this ice. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization, between 1995 and 2004, the number of patent applications filed in China increased fivefold. China now ranks fifth in the world in terms of this indicator, after Japan, the United States, South Korea and Germany. In the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Namibia, on an area of 55 thousand square kilometers, there are almost four times more jellyfish than fish. The total biomass of jellyfish in this area, according to a recent scientific expedition here, amounted to 12,2 million tons, and fish - only 3,6 million tons. A new European law requires that from 2012 a quarter of all used batteries be returned to stores for recycling. And from 2016, this share should increase to 45%. By 2009, Lithuania intends to definitively stop the Ignalina nuclear power plant built in Soviet times and, in cooperation with Estonia and Latvia, by 2015-2017 to build a new, more modern nuclear power plant in its place. Brazilian biochemists have shown that the different taste and aroma of different varieties of coffee are largely determined by molds that multiply on coffee beans during storage and transportation. In turn, the species composition of these fungi depends on the area, soil and climate. It is the mold that gives the drink the shades of lemon, chocolate, freshly baked bread or floral aroma familiar to coffee gourmets. After studying the DNA of 365 samples of cultivated and wild potatoes from South America, American and Scottish botanists came to the conclusion that modern potatoes originated from one area in southern Peru and, most likely, from the wild species Solanum bukasovii, named after the Russian botanist and breeder S. M. Bukasova. In northern India, coal seams have been burning for many decades in an area of 450 square kilometers. In total, more than 70 fires are known, and one of them originated in 1916. Although environmentalists claim that 99,6% of tap water in England meets the highest standards for drinking water, and the remaining 0,4% is not quite standard, but drinkable, the British spend about two billion pounds a year on bottled water. On average, every Englishman drinks 37 liters of shop-bought water a year, and a quarter of this water is imported from other countries. A chemical study of pottery shards from Central America showed that the Indians there originally brewed an alcoholic drink like beer from the fruits of the cocoa tree. Moreover, the cocoa beans themselves went to waste, and the pulp in which they are immersed in the fruit was used to brew the drink. For six months of feeding a baby, the mammary glands of the mother secrete almost 6 kilograms of fat. Who most often commits computer crimes? According to American data, system administrators are in first place (38%), programmers are in second place (21%), and ordinary computer scientists and engineers share third place (14% each). Patenting your ideas in the US contributes to economic growth in the home of the inventor. So, if in some country the number of patents taken in the USA increases by 20%, then the annual economic growth in this country accelerates by 3,8%. For the first time, rings have been discovered around the planet's satellite. The Cassini space probe, launched to Saturn 10 years ago, photographed near Rhea, a moon of Saturn, a ring of rock and ice fragments ranging in size from gravel to cobblestones. British veterinarians have found that cows infected with mad cow disease, 8 months before the onset of symptoms of the disease, heart rhythm disturbances are noted. Regular measurements of the strength of the Earth's magnetic field, begun in 1839, showed that it is weakening by 0,05 percent annually. If it goes on like this, in about 2000 years the planet's magnetic field will disappear. IBM has developed a microprocessor with an operating frequency of more than 110 gigahertz (the now common Pentium 4 reaches 2,2 gigahertz). The new microprocessors are smaller than conventional microprocessors and consume less power. They should go on sale by the end of this year. In Romania, the remains of a pterosaur with a wingspan of 12 meters and a skull length of 3 meters were found. The bones of the lizard were porous, like foam, and this allowed such a colossus to fly. From 1995 to 2000, the Amazon was cut down every minute on an area equal to seven football fields. The French company Alcatel has set a world record for data transmission over a submarine optical cable: the transmission speed over a distance of 6850 kilometers was 3,65 terabits (trillion bits) per second. This is 45 million telephone conversations over one cable at the same time. Under the paved streets on the outskirts of Lima, the capital of Peru, a huge cemetery of more than 2000 mummies belonging to the Inca people was found. The age of the mummies is estimated at about 500 years. Many have preserved their clothes and hair. 50-60 thousand household items, jewelry, tools were also found in the burial. Archaeologists believe that the find will almost completely rewrite the history of the Incas. British doctors tested the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment of allergic asthma in an experiment. In 242 patients, homeopathic pills were shown to help no more than pure sugar pills. A survey of 2500 American adults showed that eight out of ten of those surveyed take some kind of medicine at least once a week, half of them - one that cannot be bought without a prescription. 7 percent of the respondents regularly take at least five medicines. The most actively treated women are over 65 years old: 12 percent of them take drugs of ten names or more. In the Australian capital Canberra, there are about 600 car collisions with kangaroos every year. Most of these incidents happen on moonless nights. A new method of statistical processing of data on fossil remains of mammals allows paleontologists to assert that primates appeared 20 million years earlier than previously thought: not 65, but 85 million years ago. This means that our distant ancestors, like the primitive semi-monkeys, still found the empire of dinosaurs on Earth. By 2006, 67 per cent of all Europeans are predicted to be using the Internet and e-mail. Based on data on 90 discovered planets of other solar systems, British astronomers B. Jones and N. Slip believe that in our Galaxy there may be at least a billion Earth-like planets on which life is possible. Starting next year, France will begin testing a system for automatically limiting the speed of cars. Approximately one hundred machines will be mounted four of its options. The simplest emits a squeak when the speed limit is reached. A more complex one blocks the gas pedal, but the driver can turn off the automation if desired. In the third option, it is impossible to turn off the automation, and the fourth one will be able to automatically change the set limit, depending on what speed is allowed where the car is located. Since the 6000th century, more than XNUMX alien species of animals and plants have been deliberately and accidentally introduced into North America. American biologists subjected E. coli bacteria to a pressure of 16 atmospheres for 800 hours. About one percent passed this test. As experiments at the Technical University in Dresden (Germany) have shown, the euro is a truly hard currency. The new European coins are superior to many others in terms of hardness and abrasion resistance. Boeing specialists calculated that it is more profitable for aircraft to fly in flocks, as birds do. For example, a jet liner that flies in a wedge formation from New York to Los Angeles and back 250 days a year will save from 500 to a million dollars on fuel per year. The firm is now developing automation that will make it easier for pilots to maintain formation. You can often hear that it is better not to go to surgery on a full moon. Statistics from one of the Austrian hospitals, however, showed that the results of 85 operations on the knee joint and 143 on the hip did not depend in any way either on the phase of the moon or on the sign of the zodiac in which the moon was on the day of the operation. Every day, from 100 to 600 tons of celestial stones crash into the Earth's atmosphere. Most burn up in the atmosphere, so only about 60 meteorites and their fragments have been found so far. More species of ants live on a single tree in the Peruvian rainforest than in the entire UK. A glass of water from a river flowing through Delhi, India contains 2,2 billion bacteria that cause serious illness. About 40 years old cave paintings have been found in a cave on the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia). Until now, such ancient drawings were found only in the caves of Europe. King cobra venom contains 20 different categories of toxins. The latest estimate is that humans have 19 genes. After the start of the program to decipher the human genome, the preliminary estimate was 000 genes (100), but since then the data has been revised downward more than once. A survey of 65 people who worked in the UK nuclear industry between 1946 and 2002 found that people who were exposed to radiation were more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. The risk of their occurrence after irradiation is higher than the risk of developing cancer. According to the World Health Organization, about 65 doctors and 70 nurses who emigrated from African countries work in different countries of the world. Countries such as Mozambique and Angola have lost more than 70% of their medical staff.
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