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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Biologists from Bangkok University intend to clone a white elephant, which was ridden by the Thai king Rama III, who ruled from 1824 to 1851. Elephant skin fragments preserved in alcohol have been preserved, and it is hoped that DNA can be extracted from them, which will be multiplied and transplanted into the egg of a modern elephant. But to start work, permission from the current monarch is required, since the remains of an elephant are considered a national relic. Archeopteryx was tormented by fleas. This conclusion was reached by paleontologists, having found in Brazil a fossilized feather of an ancient bird, seated with two hundred balls with a diameter of a human hair. It is believed that these are the eggs of some kind of parasites. Apparently, they bit so much that Archeopteryx, out of anger, tore out this feather from his tail. It was 120 million years ago. According to English statistics, two-thirds of smokers who decide to give up tobacco do not maintain their temper for more than two weeks. And until the end of the year, only ten percent manage to hold out. For the entire ending century, seven people died in the jaws of the most terrible marine predator - the man-eating shark (aka the great white shark). During the same time, more people died from bee stings. In France, a superhard coating for tools and rubbing parts, called polyvolf, has been developed. This is a multilayer coating of tungsten deposited on the surface of the part from the vapors of this metal. Coating is 10 times stronger than steel. It will primarily find application in aircraft engines. When passing cars that have collided in a road accident, drivers usually slow down, looking at the scene of the accident with sympathy or curiosity. On the already narrowed road there is a traffic jam. To avoid this, the Dutch traffic police adopted screen barriers one and a half meters high from openwork (so as not to be blown away by the wind) polyvinyl chloride. They temporarily enclose the scene. The nectar of all plants is a colorless liquid. The only three plant species in the world whose flowers have red nectar grow only on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. One of these plants is a relative of our bluebell, the other two belong to the same family as the cocoa plant. Why they need colored nectar and why there are no such plants anywhere else is not clear. As shown by the processing of 600 thousand measurements of the thickness of the ionosphere, carried out over the past 38 years, every five years the upper boundary of the ionosphere drops by a kilometer. This is associated with global warming. The most distant human-made object is the American space probe Voyager 1, launched on September 5, 1977. At the end of November 1998, the distance to the probe was about 10 kilometers, increasing every second by 925 kilometers. The radio signal from it goes to the earth's antennas for more than 000 hours, and the signal power at reception is twenty million times less than the power of a battery for an electronic wrist watch. However, scientific information from Voyager 000 is expected to arrive before 38. In the forties of our century, American tankers were trained at a training ground in the Mojave Desert (California). Until now, caterpillar tracks are visible on the ground, and environmentalists suggest that they should be erased in about a thousand years. Swedish zoologists have discovered an amazing phenomenon: small river crustaceans gammarus can smell the presence of trout that feed on them, even when the fish is downstream. The only thing that scientists could assume is that there are always trickles in the river going against the current. If the calculations of Peter Edwards from the University of Birmingham (England) are correct, then a superconductor that will lose electrical resistance at room temperature will be 10 times more toxic than potassium cyanide. Chicory acid, isolated from coffee beans, stops the reproduction of the AIDS virus in laboratory cell culture. It is impossible to use chicory acid to treat people: the effect is too weak in the body, but more powerful remedies can be developed on the basis of this compound. A colony of penguins can emit 70 decibels of noise, which is the same as a truck engine. In the USA, a digital TV set with a computer-type hard disk has been launched, on which up to 7 hours of image is recorded. A TV can be programmed by ordering it to record certain programs in the absence of the owner, and it is enough to simply enter the name of the program or even only the names of the film director or artists into the device, and by these signs the desired program will be found on any channel at any time and recorded. A model with a memory capacity of 40 hours of recording is being prepared for release. Science may well be highly profitable. This is proved by the experience of one of the leading research institutions in Israel - the Weizmann Institute. According to the results just summed up, the total value of the products launched on the world market based on the developments of this institute in 1997 amounted to 600 million dollars. A study of data on changes in alcohol consumption and mortality in 25 European countries between 1982 and 1990 shows that an increase in alcohol consumption of one liter per year (that's about an extra can of beer per week) leads to a 1,3 percent increase in mortality. The famous English spleen, which appeared in the XNUMXth century, is nothing more than chronic malaria. The British, returning from overseas colonies, often brought malaria with them. Her periodic attacks were manifested by fever, bad mood, general malaise and enlargement of the spleen (spleen - translated from English spleen). Taking cocaine can lead to a heart attack. The risk of a heart attack in the first hour after taking a dose of cocaine increases 24 times. Images taken by the Voyager 2 probe and the Hubble Space Telescope reveal a new, eighteenth satellite of Uranus. The diameter of the yet unnamed satellite is about 40 kilometers, it makes one revolution around the planet in 15 hours and 18 minutes. When a shrew (a small mouse-like animal with a pointed nose) gets excited, its pulse rate can reach 1300 beats per minute. Since 2001, in France, all drugs that cause drowsiness, weakening of attention or slow reaction, must have a warning symbol - the silhouette of a car in a red triangle. Behind the wheel you can not take psychotropic, sedatives, some medicines for hypertension, diabetes, allergies, heart failure. After new computer viruses circulating the Internet along with e-mail began to spread earlier in the year, one American Internet service provider began to pass all incoming and outgoing mail of its customers through a special anti-virus program. If a message contains a virus, it is automatically destroyed, and messages about an attempted virus infection are sent to the sender and recipient. A new scientific journal, Cloning, began to appear in England. A barrel of crude oil (159 liters) now costs about $20, and a barrel of blood for a transfusion costs about $60. The Texas firm Microtune launched the production of televisions on a single chip. If you look into the case of such a television receiver, it is striking in its emptiness: apart from the power supply, kinescope and speakers, there seems to be nothing there. Moreover, the microcircuit is capable of processing both conventional analog and high-definition digital TV signals. According to American anesthesiologists, the substance solanine, contained in all plants of the nightshade family, slows down the removal of anesthesia from the body. Therefore, if you want to quickly recover after the operation, do not eat tomatoes, potatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants the day before. A 125g cup of yogurt contains 1,25 billion beneficial bacteria. About 200 meteorite impact craters are known on the Earth's surface. There are hundreds of thousands of them on Mars - the rarefied atmosphere does not protect the planet from impacts. According to the decision of the American Entomological Society, based on a comparison of the DNA of termites and cockroaches, termites are cockroaches that have learned to eat wood. According to UNESCO and the World Meteorological Organization, now 29 countries of the world suffer from a shortage of fresh water, and in 25 years there will be 34. One American company produces high-security electric fireplaces. If a child, dog or cat approaches such a fireplace at a distance of a meter, the device starts flashing lights and emits an alarming squeak. If something living approaches at a distance of 30 centimeters, the fireplace is turned off. It also turns off if its grille turns out to be closed by something, for example, a curtain is thrown over it. In 1960, there were about 100 centenarians aged 55 and over in the United States. Now there are XNUMX thousand of them. Of every ten people who inhabit the Earth, four live in China or India. Norwegian scientists have discovered an underwater crater with a diameter of 200 kilometers in the Arctic Ocean, 40 kilometers from the coast of Norway. It is believed that it was formed 150 million years ago when an asteroid with a diameter of about two kilometers fell at a speed of 30 thousand kilometers per hour. The space probe Galileo observed in September 1997 a volcanic eruption on Jupiter's moon Io. The column of fire rose to a height of 120 kilometers. When the probe flew near Io in April of that year, the volcano was still dormant. The volume of data archives accumulated around the world on computers - on magnetic diskettes, tapes, hard disks, CD-ROMs and other media, is estimated at 2 bytes, their equivalent is a thousand trillion typewritten pages. About 000 bytes circulate on the Internet alone. According to data obtained by the space solar observatory SOHO, at any given moment there are about 3000 explosions on the Sun. Each one takes a few minutes and covers an area roughly the size of our planet. To beat the meat with a hammer before cooking, so that it becomes softer, was probably invented by cavemen. And now the American engineer John Long proposed to soften the meat with an explosion. At the end of last year, the method was transferred to production. Rock music makes mice dumber. This has been proven by an experiment conducted in the USA. They took three groups of mice and launched them into a maze, from which the mouse had to find a way out. One group of mice lived in silence, they found a way out in an average of 10 minutes, and after training - in 6 minutes. The second group listened to Mozart for several days, these mice coped with the task in one minute. The third group listened to rock music, and after that it took them half an hour to find a way out, and some could not figure out the maze for an hour. In addition, after a session of rock music, the mice began to fight among themselves, like a crowd of fans after a concert. Dutch biologist Hans Klevers learned how to grow the venom gland cells of the South African shield cobra in the laboratory. This will help to develop a serum against her poison. Geneticists from the universities of Belfast, Southampton and Surrey (Great Britain), having studied the skeletons of those who died of leprosy in the X-XIII centuries from a burial in Dublin, came to the conclusion that the causative agents of leprosy were brought to the British Isles by the Vikings from Scandinavia. The liver of a large polar bear contains enough vitamin A to fatally poison 52 people. Vitamin is synthesized by microscopic planktonic algae, fish eat them, seals eat fish, and bears hunt them. In each link of this food chain, the concentration of vitamin A, dangerous to humans in doses of more than one milligram per day, is steadily increasing. Daily consumption of 1 g of alcohol per 1 kg of body weight during the year reduces brain volume by 0,25 cm3. Such cruel experiments were carried out on macaques at the University of Oregon (USA). For a person, that's 4 cans of beer a day. As studies by Swedish biologists have shown, the whale descended from the hippopotamus. A comparison of their DNA led to this conclusion. The common ancestor of whales and hippos lived about 54 million years ago. A group of Greek scientists investigated the reasons for the unusually low number of heart patients in Crete. They suggest that the inhabitants of the island are protected from atherosclerosis by a large amount of herbs, especially thyme, in their diet. In the United States, a trillion sheets of paper are used annually to print data from personal computers. 90 percent of lions in South Africa's Kruger National Park are infected with tuberculosis. Koch's wand gets to them from buffaloes. Sweets are prone to alcoholism. This conclusion was made by researchers from the University of North Carolina (USA). It turned out that in 85 percent of cases sweet lovers are prone to immoderate drinking. The German company Shtedtler began production of felt-tip pens without a cap. An ordinary felt-tip pen, if left uncovered, will soon dry out - the paint thinner will evaporate. The company introduced a certain substance into the composition of the paint, which, when dried, forms a thin hermetic film. A film appears on the tip of an inactive felt-tip pen that prevents the solvent from evaporating. When you start writing or drawing, it is erased on the first stroke. Result: after two weeks, an unclosed felt-tip pen writes no less brightly than on the first day.
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