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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The thinnest battery - half a millimeter - was launched by the Japanese company Panasonic. The weight of the battery is less than a gram. It gives a voltage of 3 volts and is designed for watches and credit cards with electronic memory. Standing meetings are a third shorter than sitting meetings, and the decisions made in them are no less intelligent. This conclusion was made by management experts from the University of Missouri (USA). A cell phone is not harmful to health, but during a long conversation heats up the cheek by three degrees Celsius. This conclusion was reached by German doctors who studied the possible harm from phone radiation. The cheek heats up because during prolonged use the phone's battery warms up by six degrees. The air resistance when riding a bicycle consists of more than 90 percent of the resistance of the human figure, about 6 percent is given by the wheels and 3-4 percent by the frame. The area of the ozone hole over the Antarctic reached a record-breaking 27,3 million square kilometers last autumn, which is one and a half times larger than the area of Russia. British police are considering switching to body armor made from pheasant feathers. Hunters know that this bird is difficult to injure, it is protected by an unusually strong and resilient plumage. Several layers of pheasant feathers would be much cheaper and lighter than conventional Kevlar synthetic fiber armor. Family warmth may well be expressed in numbers. A family of two adults and two children produces 1300 kilowatt-hours of thermal energy per year. The number of daily newspapers on the Internet has reached 2300, of which 54% are published in English. In the waking state, the human brain consumes 20 watts of power. An analysis of the surface of potsherds found in England showed that milk was stored in these clay pots 6000 years ago. The Swiss firm Nestlé has proposed a coating of a mixture of coconut oil, an edible surfactant and water that speeds up the thawing of deep-frozen foods in a microwave oven. Chicken, which usually thaws in half an hour, if covered with this composition, thaws in 10 minutes. Flooding that swept mainland China last summer caused a 20% drop in sea salinity off the coast of Japan. Air analyzes over 17 European forests from Iceland to Italy showed that the forests of this continent absorb up to a third of the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by all cars, factories and thermal power plants in Europe. But the forests of the United States absorb almost all the carbon dioxide emitted by the industry of this country. After analyzing one of the genes of the human biological clock, American scientists found that replacing one DNA block - thymine with cytosine - makes a person an owl. This autumn, according to UN demographers' calculations, the six billionth inhabitant of the Earth should be born. The average Frenchman consumes about thirty different foods per week, while the average American consumes only five. Doctors believe that this monotonous diet partly explains the tendency of Americans to become obese. In England, an aerosol has been launched that is applied to the surface of tires and doubles the grip of the drive wheels on an icy or snowy road. The effect of the aerosol liquid is enough for about 150 kilometers. A group of American, British and Italian chemists synthesized a molecule in the form of a cylinder with a piston, which, when illuminated, begins to move: the piston moves back and forth in the cylinder. It appears that the bacterium that causes stomach ulcers is also responsible for some cases of migraine. Italian doctors examined 225 people suffering from migraine, and half found this bacterium in the stomach. After a week's course of antibiotics, the bacterium disappeared in 84 percent of those treated, and with it, headaches disappeared in a quarter of the sufferers. For most of the rest, migraine attacks eased and became less frequent. Information obtained by the American lunar research satellite suggests that there is so much ice near the poles of our natural satellite that water from it could fill a circular reservoir with a diameter of 6 kilometers and a depth of 100 meters. A random poll of 70 US citizens conducted last summer showed that interest in science and technology among Americans is now greater than ever - 11 percent of those surveyed said they were interested in these issues. But scientific knowledge is rather weak. So, only 48 percent could say what a molecule is. Only XNUMX percent of Americans know that the Earth makes one revolution around the Sun once a year. Half of those surveyed believe that prehistoric man could see living dinosaurs with his own eyes. Cornell University (USA) has developed a mathematical model that allows you to predict how different products will behave when processed in a microwave oven. The British Patent Office has announced that it will no longer accept applications for new models or improvements to anti-personnel mines. A recent English law prohibits the production, promotion or encouragement of such mines. A new law passed by countries in the European Union obliges poultry farmers to increase the cage area for each hen from the current 450 square centimeters to 550 by 2004 and to 850 by 2009. According to Israeli physiologists, the beneficial effect of a vacation is completely consumed three days after going to work. In 2000, every fifth CD with music sold in the world was pirated, in 2003 - already every third. For the first six and a half months of 2004, more precisely, 196 days, every German worked not for himself, but for the state. Taxes and payments for social insurance in Germany amounted to 53,6% of the earnings of each citizen. But in 2000 they were even higher: 56,9%. French ecologists, analyzing air samples from a pigsty, found 250 smelly compounds in it. The goal of the study is to remove as many of these scents from the air as possible. The South Korean company Samsung has developed an ultra-short kinescope for digital TVs. A conventional 32-inch (81 cm) kinescope is 50-60 cm deep, while a new tube is less than 40 cm. Mass production will begin in 2005. 80% of the price of tap water in Germany is the cost of transportation, and only 20% is the cost of extracting and treating water. Up to 70% of the world's coral reefs are now heavily damaged, according to speakers at the recent International Coral Reef Symposium in Okinawa. Corals in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean have been particularly hard hit. The dirtiest place in the apartment is the refrigerator. As established by microbiologists from the University of Arizona (USA), it contains an average of 11,4 million microorganisms per square centimeter of shelf surface. On the floor in the kitchen - 10 thousand, on the cutting board in the kitchen - 1000, on the surface of the desk - 7000, on the keyboard of a home computer - 500, and on the toilet seat - only 100. The WWF gave the Athens Olympics a low environmental score of just 0,77 (on a scale of 0 to 4). At the same time, the features of garbage collection and recycling, water consumption, the use of renewable energy sources and the environmental friendliness of public transport, as well as the protection of natural biotopes during the construction of facilities for games and during competitions, were taken into account. New Zealand ophthalmologists examined the vision of 60 dogs working as guides for the blind in the city of Auckland. It turned out that eight of the tested dogs suffer from myopia. As one of the authors of the study said, the visual defect is so pronounced that if these were children, they would be prescribed glasses. This drawback does not seem to affect the efficiency of the work of four-legged helpers, and yet ophthalmologists recommend checking the vision of future guide dogs when selecting dogs for training. French linguists, having studied a thousand languages of different peoples from different continents, found that about 700 of them have the word dad or similar, and in 71% of cases it means father or some other male relative on the paternal line. So, in Swahili and in the main dialect of Chinese, the father is a woman, in Malay - bapa. How many types of cheese are there in France? The last census was conducted in the late 70s of the last century and gave 450 names. But varieties named after the place of production (names controlled by origin), such as, for example, Roquefort, produced only in the town of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon, are only 42 in the whole of France. An environmental survey conducted in Israel showed that the emissions of 60% of local enterprises exceed the permissible doses of environmental pollution. In the Canadian province of Alberta, a tax on computers has been introduced - 45 Canadian dollars per car. The money will go towards the safe disposal of old computers. About 363 tons of lead (from the solder of electronic circuits and from the lead glass of monitors) enters the soil of Canada every year with decommissioned computers. 53% of the German population over the age of 14 use the Internet. Even in the age group from 50 to 59 years, this share reaches 50%, and in the group of seventy and older, the number of people who are going to connect to the World Wide Web has increased. There are currently 12 wind power generators operating in the Czech Republic with a total capacity of 7 megawatts, and the natural conditions of the country make it possible to build at least a thousand of them. When joining the European Union, the Czech Republic pledged to increase the share of renewable energy sources from the current 2010% to 2% by 6. With the improvement of relations between North and South Korea, the demilitarized zone between them, established in 1953 - a strip 4 km wide - can become a nature reserve. Since there was no human economic activity here for half a century, more than 2700 species of plants and animals have been preserved in no man's land. Every day, humanity in one form or another uses the services of more than 40 thousand different species of animals, plants and microorganisms. They supply us with food, materials for clothing, building materials, medicines. Pollen helped solve a crime committed 46 years ago. In 1994, a mass grave was found near Magdeburg, in eastern Germany, containing the remains of 32 people. These could be concentration camp prisoners shot by the Gestapo in the spring of 1945 before the collapse of the Nazi regime. According to another version, these could be the remains of Soviet soldiers and officers shot by the MGB in the summer of 1953 for refusing to participate in the suppression of the uprising of German workers. According to the English magazine New Scientist, the second assumption turned out to be true: pollen from plants that bloom in summer was found in the nasal cavities of the skulls. It took 50 years for 30 million listeners in the US to reach 13 million radio listeners after the start of radio broadcasting. The same number of viewers gained 50 years after the start of wide television broadcasting. XNUMX million adherents of the Internet have accumulated four years after the appearance of the World Wide Web. Every year in France about 130 people are hospitalized due to various drugs. Approximately one-third of them misused medication, and the rest developed adverse side effects from the correct medication. In 1998, about 35 million computers were sold worldwide. English experts have developed a moving color holographic advertising. When a person walks past a holographic poster or, while looking at it, turns his head from side to side, successive frames of the moving picture become visible in turn. Up to 7 frames can be recorded on 150 micrometer thick emulsion, which provides about 6 seconds of moving image. The area of such a poster is still small - up to a quarter of a square meter. A plague vaccine has been created, administered in the form of nasal drops. So far, it has only been tested on mice with excellent results. It is useless to insert television advertisements into films with scenes of violence: as an experiment by American psychologists has shown, after such scenes, advertising is not perceived. The first pulsar (a rapidly rotating star that periodically sends pulses of radio waves) was discovered in 1967, and at the end of last year, Australian radio astronomers discovered the XNUMXth.
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