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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Treasures According to scientists, there are currently more than 900 billion dollars worth of various valuables in the ground and on the seabed. In all countries of the world, thousands of people are eagerly looking for treasures in the hope of getting rich in an instant. Middle-income treasure seekers prefer to use a probe, a pendulum and a spade, and the way to the treasures is shown to them by repeatedly reprinted old maps. Well, for the rich and noble, the International Club of Treasure Seekers has been created, uniting no more than 30 members. Moreover, the applicant can join it only after the death of one of the permanent members. The entry fee is about 25 thousand dollars, but the prestige of membership is extremely high. Interestingly, those who wish to become a full member of the club must personally find a real treasure and pass a special test in a real treasure-hunting expedition. Naturally, it uses authentic old maps and state-of-the-art equipment. Rating of unfound treasures according to the magazine Arhidom, 2002-05-28 1. King Solomon's Mines Based on information gleaned from the Old Testament, treasure hunters are trying to find the mothballed mine of the largest native gold vein. It is known about the place that the mines must be located on the Arabian Peninsula. 2. Tomb of Attila According to legend, the Huns, seeing off their leader on his last journey, upholstered his coffin with gold plates and arranged a treasury in the tomb. It is believed that Atilla's grave is located somewhere near modern Budapest. 3. Treasures of Genghis Khan His wealth was brought to the burial place of the khan. A herd of horses was driven over the buried grave. Ordinary performers were killed. No one knows where this place is located in the middle of the wide Mongolian steppe. 4. Library of Ivan the Terrible According to historians, the famous library of the formidable king, still not found, is only a small part of the treasure. Countless riches are allegedly hidden along with the books. 5. Convoy of John the Landless The convoy, which carried the entire treasury of the English king-loser, fell into a quagmire. Not having survived the loss, John died the next day. Lost treasures have been unsuccessfully searched more than once. During this time, the swamp had time to dry up. The area of the former bog is 450 hectares. 6 Treasure Island The island described in Stevenson's novel is actually called Cocos. Treasures buried on it have not been found so far. Treasure hunters are looking for a human-sized statue of the Mother of God, taken from Peru in the 500th century, made of pure gold, weighing 9 kg, decorated with emeralds and pearls. According to some reports, a fantastic treasure of fifty chests with golden church utensils, decorated with six hundred large topazes, two hundred large emeralds and diamonds, as well as XNUMX thousand gold coins minted in Mexico, is hidden there. The murder of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya miraculously became the reason for the appearance of a whole series of jewelry masterpieces. Empress Maria Feodorovna, after the terrible death of her father-in-law, was in a depressed state. Alexander III, as a loving husband, tried to distract her from her sad thoughts and ordered the court jeweler Carl Faberge for his wife an Easter gift that could console her. After much thought, Faberge figured out how to please the monarch and created an amazing Easter toy: a golden chicken egg that could be opened to reveal the inside of a small golden chicken. The empress liked the sentimental gift so much that a year later the order was repeated, but inside the egg there was a completely different surprise. This is how the tradition began - every Easter the Empress received an egg as a gift, and each time she wondered what else Faberge had come up with. The special imperial order continued, and when Nicholas II came to the throne, he began to order two eggs: one for his mother, the other for his wife. Unique eggs were not cheap then, but now their cost has become astronomical, because they are rightfully considered the pinnacle of jewelry art. Source: St. Petersburg stories Attempts to organize the production of porcelain or faience in Russia began under Peter I, a great connoisseur of it. On the instructions of Peter I, Russian foreign agent Yuri Kologrivy tried to find out the secret of porcelain production in Meissen and failed. Despite this, in 1724 the Russian merchant Grebenshchikov founded a faience factory in Moscow at his own expense; it also carried out experiments on the manufacture of porcelain, but they did not receive proper development. Interior - Porcelain history Chaise longue - from the French chaise-longe, a long chair, a low chair of an elongated shape, allowing you to take a reclining position. Duchess (from French duchess - duchess) - a chaise lounge with a round back, extremely fashionable during the reign of Louis XV. Duchess breeze (duchess-brisee) - a deck chair, consisting of a large deep chair and a stool attached to it. Bergere (bergere) - a low and wide chair with a cushion on the seat and a round back, which, curving, forms armrests, appears around 1725. Interior - The evolution of reclining furniture In 1945, the first ballpoint pens appeared in the United States. They were invented by the Hungarian journalist Laszlo Biro. And although the patent was registered in 1938, it took several years for the invention to go on sale. The premiere of the novelty took place in October 1945 in the New York department store Gimbles. It was advertised in front page ads in the main newspapers of the city, promising buyers fantastic fountain pens that do not need refilling and last 2 years. On the eve of the opening, huge crowds gathered at the store. On the first day, they swept away the entire range of Jimbles - 10000 pens at $12,5 each. June 2002 Career Formula In 1891, in America, in the state of Minnesota, entrepreneur George Hormel founded a company for the production of finished meat products, which was named after his last name: Hormel Foods. In 1926, his firm was the first in the world to produce canned ham, a product that by 1933 was sold in 14 major American cities. The American Great Depression of the early 30s, after sending many small firms to the bottom, only strengthened Hornel Foods, and the firm sold thousands and thousands of cans, which then cost only 15 cents. Former rich and businessmen went bankrupt, having no means of subsistence, and only a quarter lying around in their pocket saved them from hunger when they gave it away for tasty, tender canned ham, which they ate with pleasure themselves and carried home to feed their families. Simmering is a method of heat treatment of food, when dishes are cooked in a large amount of water, which is not brought to a boil. Soups, thick soups and sauces are brought to a boil, then the flame is reduced so that the boil stops. Product heat treatment methods In 1989, the Americans calculated how much money they would have spent to carry out the Soviet manned program, and it turned out that, in terms of dollars, the USSR spent more than 29 billion dollars on it - more than all the countries of the world combined! Even the Americans spent 22 billion. The birth date of Russian football is considered to be September 13, 1898, when the first match in Russia between Russian sports organizations took place in St. Petersburg - the St. Petersburg circle of football players and the St. Petersburg circle of sports fans (Sport). However, a month before this historic event, on August 9, 1898, the Lakhta football club took the players of Sport on their field in Lakhta and, despite the fact that the Lakhta club opened its first season, defeated experienced guests with a score of 1: 0. N.V. Mikhailov Lakhta. Five centuries of history 1500-2000 It is important to note that the numerous and sometimes absurd police measures of Paul I did not arise from scratch, they were not imported from the kingdom of Frederick II, before whom Paul I bowed. The beginning of the police, regularity were part of the ideology of the autocracy of the XNUMXth century, were its indispensable element and manifested themselves - of course, with varying degrees of completeness - under all rulers. The same can be said about the investigation and denunciations. If Pavel forbade the use of the words snub-nosed and Mashka, then Catherine is famous for the persecution of the names of the Yaik River and the village of Zimoveyskaya - places associated with the Pugachev uprising. Pavel forbade dancing a waltz, wearing round hats, and Catherine, trying to achieve silence in the church, issued a decree on hanging talkers, despite their ranks and titles, chains and an alms box. B. V. Ananyich, R. Sh. Ganelin Power and reforms One of the most elegant rhetorical figures is concessio; it consists in the fact that the speaker agrees with the position of the enemy and, taking the point of view of the latter, beats him with his own weapon; having accepted, as well-deserved, the reproachful words of the enemy, he immediately gives them a different, flattering meaning for himself; or, on the contrary, bowing before his claims to merit, immediately exposes their failure. P. Sergich (P.S. Porokhovshchikov) The art of speech in court Сoncessio (lat.) - concession, permission, consent. Few people know that the Tsar Cannon has a younger brother - the Tsar Achilles cannon, also cast by Andrei Chokhov. The name is remarkable - Moscow has long known a swift and invincible hero, like other Homeric heroes of the Trojan War. Achilles is currently in the Artillery Museum of St. Petersburg. Andrey Chokhov and his students also cast it at the Moscow Cannon Yard, later than the Tsar Cannon, to which Achilles is slightly inferior in size and weight. E. Osetrov My discovery of Moscow Together with 300 Spartans under the command of King Leonidas, the 800th Persian army of Xerxes in the Thermopylae Gorge (480 BC) opposed: 1120 Arcadians, 400 Corinthians, 1000 hoplites from central Greece, 1500 warriors from different cities of the Peloponnese. V. Menshikov Born by the lightning of Zeus In 1792, advertisements for the sale of suspenders appear in Parisian newspapers. From the same time, trousers begin to be sewn both narrow and wide. F. Kommissarzhevsky Costume history They say that the story of the appearance of potato chips is connected with the whim of a certain visitor to a restaurant in a luxury hotel in the town of Saratoga Springs (USA). In the summer of 1853, this customer did not like a portion of fried potatoes prepared by chef George Crum. Like, the potato slices are too thick. Irritable Krum, an Indian by origin, fried a new portion with thinner slices, but it was also rejected by a capricious guest. Then Krum, driven to a frenzy, took his sharpest knife and cut slices of paper thickness. They were so fried that it was impossible to prick them on a fork. Contrary to expectations, the picky gourmet liked the new dish. Orders also poured in from other hotel guests, the novelty was called Saratoga shavings (chirs - shavings, chips) and soon became the restaurant's signature dish. MEGAPOLIS No20 (79) May 23, 2002 According to the British historian Bancroft, chess played an almost decisive role in the war of the North American generations of England for their independence (1775-1783). The depot is that on the eve of the Battle of Trenton (December 16, 1776), a turning point in the course of hostilities, the English commander-in-chief, General Rohl, fought chess just at the moment when he was told that the rebel forces led by George Washington were crossing the Depaver River. Rol, engrossed in the game, had no time for this, and absentmindedly shoved the urgent report into his pocket. As a result, the surprise factor turned out to be on the side of the rebels, which predetermined the outcome of the battle. If not for this unfortunate incident, - says Bancroft, - the very historical idea of the emergence of the United States, perhaps, would have disappeared without a trace, like the flickering lights of a dying flame ... MEGAPOLIS No19 (78) May 16, 2002 The term yakuza appeared much later than the organization itself arose. The structure of today's yakuza in general terms took shape around the middle of the 8th century. At that time, they consisted of a bakuto (card player) and a tekiya (street peddler). At that time, the government financed a significant amount of construction work to restore cities and fortresses destroyed during the period of wars. All this cost a lot of money, and in order to partially compensate for the damage caused to the treasury, professional card players were actively hired. Their task was to invite workers and play cards with them, winning from them most of the money paid for work on construction. The term yakuza itself was taken from a card game called hanafuda (flower cards) which was very popular during the Tokugawa era. In general terms, it was similar to modern blackjack. One of the three-card losing hands was 9-3-19, or I-ku-sa. This term began to refer to skillful bakuto cheaters who deftly managed to hand over this combination several times in a row to a gambler who decided to try his luck in the game. In order to become a member of the yakuza family, one had to go through an initiation ceremony. The ritual was formed by the first half of the 78th century. It also reflects the features of social relationships adopted in Japan. In many criminal gangs in the world, upon admission to membership, a newcomer is required to confirm the oath of allegiance with his blood or some other intimidating act. MEGAPOLIS No16 (2002) May XNUMX, XNUMX The first skyscraper had only nine floors, but was already a skyscraper. The fact is that skyscrapers, or, as experts say, high-rise buildings, have one and the main distinguishing feature: a steel frame on which walls are hung. If in ordinary houses the walls are load-bearing, that is, they hold their weight and the weight of the entire building, then in skyscrapers the steel skeleton takes on the main load. And the walls can be made of relatively light and fragile materials and should not thicken excessively downwards. The first such building was built in Chicago in 1883-85. It was followed by a ten-story building (66 meters) in the same place, in Chicago, then in 1895 a house 107 meters high appeared in the city of Milwaukee. Soon the first New York skyscraper with 30 floors -119 meters also rose. Before the appearance of the idea of a supporting skeleton, proposed by the American engineer W. Jenny, the height of buildings was limited by the strength of the wall material and their reasonable thickness. MEGAPOLIS No20 (79) May 23, 2002
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