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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Genghis Khan said that a warrior on a campaign should not be well-fed: a well-fed dog is of no use in hunting. If the hunger became unbearable, then the Mongol opened the vein of his horse and drank blood - half a liter of blood a day was enough for him, and the horse could withstand such bloodletting for two to three weeks. hist1.narod.ru/NT/Glav3/320.html Engineer Brennan, who lived for a long time in Jamaica, writes: I allow myself to draw your attention to the fact that mosquitoes (I don’t know if this applies to their whole family) very readily respond to certain sounds, are attracted by them. Recently I have been experimenting in this regard, and noticed that swarms of mosquitoes swirled about my head in much greater abundance when I let out a long, continuous cry. It is quite possible that some single note or particular tone would have had an even more direct effect on them in terms of their attraction. Scientific Review, 1901. The building of the Vienna Opera, which is now a recognized masterpiece of urban architecture, initially did not like the Austrians at all. Even Kaiser Franz Joseph himself expressed his disapproval of the Staatsoper architects. As a result, one of the architects died of a heart attack, the other hanged himself. This tragedy shocked the Kaiser so much that for the rest of his life he avoided criticizing works of art, escaping with only a polite phrase: It was magnificent and made me very happy. travel.ru: 8081/reports/2001/290301.html The French newspapers describe a particularly refined form of torture that existed in ancient times in Venice. One has to be amazed at what terrible inventions the human imagination is prolific. The offender was introduced into a pool, the walls of which were higher than his head and into which a certain amount of water constantly flowed, which was calculated in such a way that a person could scoop out water with a cup given to him. He could not leave his occupation for a minute, because the level of water that reached his mouth would begin to rise and in the end he would inevitably choke. It rarely happened that a person could endure several hours of such refinement and brutal torture. Despite a sense of self-preservation, his strength left him, he was exhausted and died in that hellish pool. Volzhsky messenger, 1899 Witold Klodzek, a veterinarian from the Polish city of Elbląg, has amassed a rich collection over twenty years of work with animals. Klodzek has an excellent collection of tape-recorded cat sneezes. It is especially actively replenished in the autumn-spring period, when a lot of muroks and snow leopards are brought to the veterinarian for treatment. Now in the collection there are more than a hundred recordings of sneezes of various tonality, volume and duration. In Japan, in the city of Kagoshima, there is a Temple of Cats. But it was built not in honor of a sacred cat, but in memory of seven very specific cats, which a certain military leader took with him to war in 1600. Cats served the soldiers for hours: the Japanese were able to determine the time by expanding or contracting cat pupils. nata.obninsk.ru/cats/texts/interest.htm The name gladiolus comes from the Latin word gladus - a sword. Translated from Latin, gladiolus means small sword. In ancient Greece, the gladiolus was called xifion, which also meant a sword. This name is due to the fact that this plant has straight xiphoid leaves, reaching a length of 80 cm. glads.newmail.ru/ history .htm The Chinese name for Ursa Major Pe-Teu translates as bread measure. astronomy.ru: 8101/articles/2001/starname.htm There is a Greek legend about the origin of amber. Zeus smashed Phaeton's chariot, carried by four winged horses, with lightning. Phaeton collapsed into the waves of the Eridanus River. His sisters, the Gelliads, mourned their brother for a long time, and for this they were turned into poplars, from which tears continued to fall into the icy waters of Eridan, turning into amber. Kornilov N. I. Jewelry stones. M., Nedra, 1986. In October 1959, on Mount Koshka, which is located on the southern coast of Crimea, in Simeiz, for the first time in the history of mankind, an image of the far side of the Moon was received, transmitted by the automatic interplanetary station Luna-3. At that time, there was a temporary command-and-measuring complex for controlling the flight of an automatic station on Koshka. The Romans, wanting to decorate their beds, covered them with maple plywood. Such beds were called peacock beds, since the wavy arrangement of spots on maple wood resembled a peacock's tail. Sergeenko M. E. Life in ancient Rome. St. Petersburg, 2000 Alexandre Dumas' grandmother was a black slave from San Domingo. dumania.narod.ru/did_you_know.html At the Imperial University of St. Petersburg, marine engineer Vasily Blinov 120 years ago submitted his invention, the toilet bowl, to the public. To the indescribable surprise of those present, the engineer poured half a bucket of horse manure into a faience bowl, and then washed it off with a bucket of water. gaudeamus.spb.ru/2000/11/kultura.html King Louis XIV did not tolerate forks. Ladies who use forks and find it impossible to touch food with their hands irritated him. Especially for such ladies, the king gave the servants an unusual order. Louis ordered hair to be thrown into the plates. On the tomb of this king it is written: Here lies a king whose word no one believed and who never spoke nonsense and never did anything smart. This inscription is on the tomb of Charles II. The Old Russian phrase "gudok with pogudal" means a violin with a bow. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, due to a temporary shortage of grenades, an explosive mixture in bottles was invented. They called it the Molotov cocktail. But Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, no matter how they persuaded him, never once went to the front to personally throw a formidable weapon named after himself at the Nazis. Herman DROBIZ. Modest people. wek.ru/0368/031603.html Chris Niswander, a programmer from Arizona, won the Ig Nobel Prizes for developing the latest PawSense software that locks the keyboard every time your cat tries to walk on it. Alfred Nobel's beloved woman was taken away by a Russian mathematician. What mathematicians of the whole world have paid dearly for - they are not awarded Nobel Prizes. Obstetricians George and Charlotte Bronsky created a centrifuge-type system designed to make childbirth easier. Their round table with the woman in labor rotates at high speed, and the baby flies out at the speed of a bullet. In 1803, Joseph Satuel was sentenced to death for murder in Sydney, Australia. but all attempts to hang were unsuccessful for the performers. The first time the rope broke, the second time it stretched so that he touched the ground with his feet. During the third attempt, the rope broke again. The sentence was never carried out. Guinness Book of Records. In 1885, three attempts were made in England to hang John Lee. Every time the performers were pursued by failures - the hatch did not open. Guinness Book of Records. On June 27, 1989, the Bangkok Supreme Court, Thailand, sentenced Chamoy Thilyuso and 7 of her assistants to 141 years in prison for multi-million dollar bank fraud. Guinness Book of Records. The most severe sentence was handed down to the American John Gracie, who in 1972-78 killed 33 boys and youths. In March 1980, he was sentenced by a Chicago court to 21 life sentences and 12 death sentences. He was executed in May 1994. Guinness Book of Records. October 30, 1951 - Teaching the illiterate in Morse code began in Africa. According to European missionaries, learning just 2 characters (. and -) is much easier than memorizing 25-30 letters and a dozen punctuation marks. Andrey Knyshev. 100th calendar for XNUMX years (knyshev.ru/) The Molotov cocktail was used in the Finnish war. Moreover, there is an opinion that the Finns initially began to use it and called it a cocktail for Molotov. And this is very logical - the Red Army then had an overwhelming superiority in tanks, against which this cocktail was used. The cocktail is a self-igniting incendiary mixture based on phosphorus. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, it was the main anti-tank weapon of the infantry. However, the captured bottles were also used by the Germans. The Fundamentals of Anti-Tank Combat, published in 1942 for the Wehrmacht infantry, stated: Captured incendiary bottles with a spontaneously igniting phosphorus filler (the so-called Molotov cocktail (Molotowcocktails) are effective and have a strong smoke effect. Buddhist monks at Wat Pa Luangtabua in Thailand have taken up a very unusual hobby. They took up the training of tigers, creatively developing the existing tradition of raising abandoned cats and dogs at the temple, which are left by lay people dissatisfied with their four-legged friends. For the first time, cubs of tigers appeared in a Buddhist temple about three years ago. The monks hope that they will be able to create suitable living conditions for nine rapidly maturing predators. In the meantime, they appeal to numerous temple visitors and pilgrims to donate money for the care and maintenance of their striped pets. Journal Itogi, May 28, 2001 A very popular item in the Roman home were lemonwood tables on one leg, made of ivory, for example, something like a modern round coffee table. It was in ancient Rome that wardrobes - clothes and dishes - took root (among the Greeks, chests served their purpose). mebelslo.ru/CacheArticles/1004371412.html After the October Revolution of 1917, many people decided to change their surname. For example, Mikhail Pavlovich Chuikin, who wanted to change his surname to Proletarsky, submitted an application to the local records department of the 3rd district of Saratov. Among the people, a person who cannot stand idle for a moment was called an ear. In Russia, horse dealers believed that turquoise made it possible to pass off bad horses as good ones. In the Middle Ages, it was believed that the orange eliminates the effects of feasts. The orange also served as a symbol of chastity. In Bosnia, in order for future children to have black eyes, the bride must enter the house of her husband, look at something through the chimney. The first Soviet camera was named FED - in honor of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky. But Felix Edmundovich never clicked on anyone with the FED presented to him, but continued to use the old pistol of the Nagant system. Herman DROBIZ. Modest people. wek.ru/0368/031603.html The largest satellite among the satellites of the planets of our solar system is Ganymede. It orbits Jupiter and has a diameter of 5 km and a mass of 268 tons (1,4820 times the weight of the Moon). Talin, which is obtained from the aryl (sprouts that form on the seeds) of the catemfe plant (Thaumatococcus daniellii), is 6 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). This plant is native to West Africa. The highest temperature created by man is 510 million C, which is 30 times the temperature at the center of the Sun. It was obtained on May 27, 1994 in the experimental Tokamak reactor at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (USA). The least dense solids are silicone aerogels, in which tiny spheres of bonded silicon and oxygen atoms coalesce into filaments separated by air bubbles. The lightest of these airgels with a density of 0,005 g/cm3 was produced by scientists from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA). It will be used in space to collect micrometeorites and debris found in comet tails. The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-benzene-pi-dioxin or (TCDD) is the deadliest of the 75 known dioxins. As a poison, it is 150 times stronger than cyanide. Johnny Dell Foley threw a fresh chicken egg 98,51 meters without breaking it. It happened in Juette (Texas, USA) on November 12, 1978. The egg was caught by Keith Thomas. The record for throwing cow cakes in compliance with all the rules in form and 100% organic content was set by American Steve Erner from Tehachapi (California USA) on August 14, 1981 and amounted to 81,1 m. On February 19, 1994, Mark Kenya from Norwood (USA) ran the 50 m sprint in 16,93 seconds on his hands. November 2, 1997 Dmitry Kinkladze in Batumi (Georgia) lifted a total load of 48 kg with his ears. At the same time, he lifted 32 kg with his left ear, and only 16 with his right ear. He held this load for 10 minutes. On October 5, 1998, in Birmingham (Great Britain), Cadbury Dairy Milk made a chocolate bar 2,715 m long, 1,195 m wide, 30,4 cm thick and weighing 1,1 tons. For the first time, the audience saw a kiss in an Indian film (Prapancha Pash) in 1929. Then a ban was imposed on screen kisses, which was lifted only in 1983, when the film Betaab was released. The film Love and God (Qais aur Laila), released in 1986, was filmed for more than 20 years. Its creators were pursued by a chain of failures and tragic events. In 1964 Guru Dat, the lead actor, died, and in 1971 director K. Azif died. In July 1998, a tin of feces by the Italian conceptual artist Piero Mazzoni was sold at Sotheby's in London (UK) for $28500. Bought this by an anonymous private collector. Friedrich Wilhelm stepped on the scale every day in the vain hope that riding and sweat would take away the extra pounds, and yet by the end of his life he weighed 250 pounds. When the forty-year-old king was invited to Dresden to see Augustus the Strong for a carnival, his uniform burst during the dance, and the short fat man (even then his waist reached one and a half meters, and by the end of his life - as much as two meters) was taken out of the hall, wrapped in blankets until they picked up other clothes. In 1925, T. Edison said in a letter to his employees: Radio is a pure misunderstanding. Merchants will soon lose the desire to sell radios. Geniuses in private life. M., 1999. The Indian god of love passion Kama was depicted as a beautiful young man sitting on a parrot, with a bow made of sugar cane, a bowstring of bees and flower arrows, with which he strikes his victims. Mahabharata. M., 1994. Fans of The X-Files have their own jargon. On it, the word Noromos refers to those who do not believe in the possibility of an affair between Mulder and Scully. More synonymous words Friendshippers, Naxis, Non-Shippers, Platonics. Teaser, that is Teaser - so in the jargon of X-Files fans the first scene of the series is called, even before the credits. x-files.vl.ru/archive/p.php?words The Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca once said that he would like to be the author of only one play, namely Romeo and Juliet. The word mass was introduced into physics by Newton. Being a 90-year old man, the Duke of Richelieu (great-grand-nephew of Cardinal Richelieu) gave a ball to which he invited all the public women of Bordeaux. On the road from Riga to Tallinn at the 53rd kilometer, in the town of Dunte, there is the world's second museum of the famous Baron von Munchausen (the first one is in his homeland in Germany). Here is a collection of the baron's hunting trophies, his pistol, the shot on which he flew, and himself in his own (wax) person. Path and driver, October-November 2001 In Latvia, not only cars must drive from September to April in broad daylight with their headlights on, but even pedestrians and cyclists must have electric flashlights on at night! Path and driver, October-November 2001 The Ready for Labor and Defense complex included gymnastic exercises, running at different distances, long and high jumps, discus and javelin throwing, swimming, shooting, cross-country skiing, marching and cycling. the complex was introduced in 1931, a year later it was supplemented with the 2nd stage for citizens over 19 years old, and in 1934 with the stage Be ready for work and defense for the youngest athletes. In the summer of 1947, Dombay hosted the world's first official climbing competition (with a pre-announced program, position and prizes). A few years later, in 1955, the first USSR championship in sport climbing was held in the Crimea. According to Brigitte Bardot, eating domestic animals, which are dogs, tarnishes the image of the Republic of Korea in the world. Koreans themselves believe that eating dog meat has a beneficial effect on health and are not going to refuse it. RIA Novosti, December 3, 2001 (rian.ru/) Cast iron hat as a device for strengthening the muscles of the legs and back was proposed by Dr. Dio Lewis at the beginning of the 1,4th century. The hat had to be worn, of course, on the head. But since it weighed from 45 to XNUMX kg, the effect of its use was most likely the opposite and added work to the chiropractors of that time. It takes an average person 420 seconds to fall asleep. 2500 left-handed people a year die when they take on right-handed equipment. John F. Kennedy became the first president who could, without embarrassment, be photographed bare-chested: he simultaneously practiced several sports The legend of a Greek warrior who ran from Marathon to Athens to announce victory over the Persians was revived in 1896 with a 24,85-mile run along the same route. In 1908, at the London Olympics, the distance was increased to 26,2 miles (42 km 195 m) - this was the distance from Windsor Palace to the Olympic Stadium plus 385 yards of the finish line, which passed under the royal box. The winner then showed a time of 2:58:50. Today the world record is 2:05:42.
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