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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The deepest lake in the world is Lake Baikal, located in the south of Eastern Siberia, Russia. Its length is 620 km, width is 32-74 km. In 1974, the Hydrographic Service of the Pacific Fleet measured the deepest section of the bottom fault lake, located near Olkhon Island, and found that its depth is 1637 m. Thus, the deepest bottom section of the lake is 1181 m below the level of the World Ocean. The highest mountain lake - at the highest altitude is an unnamed lake in Tibet. Its coordinates are 34.16' N, 85.43' E. This alpine reservoir is located at an altitude of 5800 m above sea level. The longest rivers - the Amazon - originates in Peru, where several streams, merging, turn into the Apurimac River, which, in turn, passes into the Eni, Tambo and Ucayali rivers. On the last stretch of 3700 km from the confluence of Ucayali and Marañon up to the mouth, the river is called the Amazon. The Amazon has several mouths, so it is not entirely clear where it ends. If you measure the river, moving to the most remote mouth, then the length of the Amazon will be about 6750 km. The longest rivers - the Nile, stretching from Burundi to the Mediterranean Sea, had a length of 6670 km until Lake Nasser, formed after the construction of the Aswan Dam, swallowed up several meanders, i.e. bends of the river channel, reducing its length by several kilometers. The highest waterfall in the world, Angel Falls in Venezuela, located on one of the branches of the Carrao River, the upper tributary of the Caroni, has a total height of 979 m. The highest free fall height of the Angel Falls is 807 m. The most powerful waterfall - in terms of water flow (17000 m3 / s), the first place in the world is occupied by the Boyoma waterfall in Zaire. The largest freshwater lake - in terms of volume of fresh water, the first place is occupied by the Russian Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia. Its volume is 23 km000. The strongest earthquake - May 22, 1960 in Chile was the largest earthquake of 9,5 on the Kanamori scale (magnitude 8,5 on the Richter scale). The largest death toll is that an earthquake that occurred on February 2, 1556 in the provinces of Shaanxi and Henan, China, is estimated to have killed 830 people. The longest run ever - Scalextrek's Jaguar XJ8 was in continuous motion for 866 hours 44 minutes 54 seconds. During this time, she covered a distance of 2850,39 km. The record run lasted from May 2 to June 7, 1989. The absolute speed record for aircraft models was set in December 1971 by Leonid Lipinsky (USSR), whose corded aircraft showed a result of 395,64 km / h. The largest temperature difference was in Verkhoyansk, Siberia (67'33'N, 133'23'E), with a temperature difference of 105'C: from -66'C to 39'C. The maximum temperature in the shade - September 13, 1922 in the town of El Azizia, Libya, was recorded temperature of 58'C. The hottest points on the planet - in Death Valley, California, USA, from July 6 to August 17, 1917, for 43 days, the maximum daily temperature exceeded 49'C. Minimum temperatures - the coldest inhabited place in the world is the Siberian village of Oymyakon in Russia (63'46'' N, 143'15'' E), located at an altitude of 700 m above sea level. In 1933, the minimum temperature here reached -68'C. And not so long ago, according to unofficial data, this record was broken - the temperature dropped to -72'C. Champions of Good Weather - Yuma, Arizona, USA averages 4055 hours of sunshine per year out of a possible 4456. The heaviest rains - March 15-16, 1952 in Chilaos (located at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level), Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, a record amount of precipitation of 24 mm fell in 1870 hours. This is equivalent to 18 tons of rainwater per 652 hectare of land. A record number of rainy days - on Mount Wai Ape Ale, Kauai Island, Hawaii, 350 days a year it rains. The longest drought - in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, there is practically no precipitation, although several times a century, squalls with rain sweep over it in some places. The record speed of a tornado of 450 km/h was recorded on April 2, 1958 near Wichita Falls, Texas, USA. The largest sturgeon caught by a fisherman weighed 212,28 kg. This fish was caught by Joey Pallot in Benicia, California, USA on July 9, 1983. The record speed in the history of cycling 268,831 km / h was demonstrated on October 3, 1995 on a wind-protected track in Bonnville Salt Flats, Utah, USA, by Fred Rompelberg (Netherlands). In achieving this result, he was largely helped by a zone of low pressure formed behind the car moving in front. Twisting a finger at the temple in Argentina and Peru means I think. In other countries, the same gesture means crazy. uic.nnov.ru/ ~zni/pages/world/tradit.shtml In the city of Apolda (Germany) a museum of bells was created. The attention of visitors is especially attracted by the model of the bell, made in 1957 by Apolda craftsmen for the tower of the memorial complex on the territory of the former Buchenwald concentration camp. scout.nw.ru/rus/iskorka/doc12~1.html On the morning of his death, the sovereign took a warm bath, and then began to play chess with Bogdan Belsky, Malyuta Skuratov's nephew. During a chess game, he died suddenly, just a few months before his 54th birthday. According to the Englishman Jerome Horsey, the king was strangled. The Dutchman Isaac Massa repeats the story of Belsky's involvement in the poisoning of Ivan IV. The remains, as shown by chemical analysis, contained an excessive amount of mercury, and it entered the body gradually. Poisoning? In the annals, it was stated that until the age of 40, Grozny retained milk teeth. It is clear that no one believed this, - explained Gerasimov (an outstanding anthropologist and sculptor who restored the appearance of the king). - And everything turned out to be true! ptpu.ru/Vita/Rubrika/1/grozny.htm The well-known children's cubes with letters, which are used for the first acquaintance with the alphabet, are associated with the name of the outstanding English philosopher and educator John Locke. Once, visiting a friend, Locke noticed that his children were playing on the floor with wooden cubes, on the sides of which letters were drawn. It turned out that the eldest of the children had already learned to read and write with the help of this toy. Locke described these cubes in his Thoughts on Education, and they soon became commonly known as Locke's cubes. It was the first educational toy. There are two versions of the origin of paper tea bags. According to the European version, the idea was born by unknown soldiers of the First World War, who began to brew tea by dropping a piece of tea leaves tied into a piece of bandage into a pot of boiling water. Americans believe that the invention was made by a traveling salesman named Thomas Sullivan, who back in 1908 packed tea leaf samples distributed free of charge by the company in hand-sewn silk bags. Science and Life, No 12, 1997. The troupe of singers, musicians and actors at the court of Emperor Xuanzong was called the Pear Garden. The formation of this troupe is considered the beginning of theater in China. Amazing stories of our time and antiquity. M., 1988. In 1901, Thomas Peck, an influential American literary critic at the time, suggested that in a couple of decades, hardly anyone would remember the existence of a writer who published his works under the pseudonym Mark Twain. In 1858, a reviewer for the Saturday Review expressed confidence that Charles Dickens, whose name is on everyone's lips today, will be completely forgotten in a few years. Focus (Munich), 1997, No 29 In Europe, during the time of the valiant Musketeers, washing was considered unhealthy. Ladies and gentlemen muffled the unpleasant smells of an unwashed body by pouring a huge amount of perfume on themselves. To cope with parasitic insects, women wore special boxes of glue under their skirts - flea traps, their effect is about the same as that of Velcro for flies. It was considered indecent for the nobles to itch with their fingers, so the ladies of the court carried long sticks (made of ivory or precious woods), which they scratched gracefully in hard-to-reach places. B. Brodsky Following the heroes of books In some Berber tribes, fullness is considered a sign of female beauty. Therefore, mothers diligently fatten their daughters with fat and sweets, while not allowing them to move much. The most beautiful bride is the one who, due to her fullness, is unable to walk without assistance. She will certainly be married, even if she has no dowry at all ... Encyclopedia of wedding customs and customs. M., 1998 Hundreds of thousands of parents read Korney Chukovsky's poems about Moidodyr to their children. Most of them, with the exception of those who live in St. Petersburg, do not know that in the line Right into the Moika, right into the Moika they will plunge headlong ... it means the Moika River, and not a sink for washing dishes. In order for the love dinner to end successfully as it should, it is recommended to cover the table with a red (preferably velvet) tablecloth. If there is none on the farm, then you need to put red napkins on the table. Steps, No. 4, 2000 The word sharomyzhnik (or sheromyga) appeared in Russian thanks to the hungry Napoleonic soldiers, who, retreating, were forced to beg from the peasants and turned to Russian peasants with the words chers amis (sher ami) - dear friend. The purely Russian words to fumble and mumble also influenced. Mikitich L.D. Foreign vocabulary, L.: Enlightenment, 1967 A dreaming dead man does not mean any misfortune. The dead usually dream of a change in the weather. The best dream book. M, 1999 The Italian painter Titian (1476 or 1477 - 1576) lived for almost a hundred years. And the average life expectancy in Europe at that time did not exceed 35 years. Konstantin Chernenko, who took over as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU after Yuri Andropov, already at his first meeting of the Central Committee felt unwell and barely crawled to bed. When Chernenko came to work, the guards, having seated him in a chair, used an oxygen apparatus, otherwise Chernenko would suffocate. From the office to the elevator, he could not walk at once. Joseph Raskin Encyclopedia of the Hooligan Orthodox. Moscow Stock, 1999 The word phenomenon should be pronounced differently from how most people pronounce it (phenomenon with an accent on the last syllable), and phenomen on the second syllable. Dictionary of stresses for radio and television workers, M.: Russian language, 1985 Going out of town, do not forget to put a sheet of thick paper in your pocket, folded into a bag, it will completely replace a glass when you feel thirsty. Home Academy, Ufa, 1991 Freemason robes represent virtue. The round hat is a symbol of liberty. A naked sword is a punishing law; it is a symbol of the struggle for an idea, the execution of villains, the protection of innocence. The dagger is a symbol of the preference for death over defeat, the struggle for life and death. The dagger was worn on a black ribbon, on which the motto was embroidered in silver: Win or die! V. F. Ivanov. Secrets of Freemasonry. Husband and wife Erna W., along with their poodle named Rosa, went to dinner at a restaurant in Hong Kong. After the waiter took the order, the couple pointed to the poodle and began to make chewing movements, making it clear that the dog was fed. The waiter led Rosa into the kitchen. After a while he returned with a large dish. Lifting the silver lid, the couple found a poodle fried, golden brown, drenched in sauce, garnished with bamboo shoots. And now the word brandy in English means any alcoholic drink, starting with cognac. It is no coincidence that if you order brandy in London, they can bring both cognac and any other drink, if you do not warn in advance that you want brandy of France. The Dutch term brandy and the German Brantweine indicate the same etymology: burnt wine, but can refer to other spirits as well. winelist.ru/brendy_origin.html Enrico Caruso was afraid of the number 13, because once on the thirteenth he damaged his vocal cords. The non-existent god (Samain) is often used on Halloween days. It is assumed that he was the Celtic god of death. In fact, Samhain is the name of a Druidic fire festival. Literally, this name can be translated as the end of the warm season. aldor.nightmail.ru/text/celt-druids.html Scriabin. The surname is based on the nickname Skryaba from the verb to scrape (out of use) - to scrape, scrape, scratch. More than 500 Scriabins were in the Vokhminsky district of the Kostroma province. In the village of Russian Bektyashka (on the Volga below Ulyanovsk) in 1910, almost 300 people had this surname. names.spb.ru/family/skryabin.html Among the East African Wahums, in order to get into the number of full-fledged men, you need to jump above your height. Karamzin called Batu the Tatar Napoleon. According to the concepts of the people of the era of Ivan the Terrible, the otherworldly life of sovereigns was facilitated by the so-called angelic image, therefore the sovereigns dressed in monastic dress before death. Antoine Saint-Exupéry, author of The Little Prince said: She helps us understand ourselves in a way that no books can. So he spoke about the Earth. The French revolutionaries wore black ties in protest against white headscarves. This color meant: black as a curse. The title of this novel by Wells in the first edition became a proverb: When the sleeper wakes up. These words mean that the life of the people will improve when the sleeping King Arthur wakes up. When he wakes up, he will restore the rights of the people. Triclinium - so in ancient Rome they called the dining table, surrounded on three sides by beds for reclining while eating. The authors of Webster's Dictionary believe that this word comes from the adjective broken, tired. Others claim that it comes from the word blessed or from the expression disappointed generation. It is known that this word was introduced by a journalist from the San Francisco Chronicle on April 2, 1958, based on the word indifferent, sluggish. This word is beatnik. Even before the death of Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of Ivan the Terrible, the authorities sent an order to all churches forbidding the mention of Dmitry's name at divine services on the grounds that he was conceived in the sixth marriage, and church authorities strictly forbade the Orthodox to marry more than three times. A paper ship can float with a person on board and not sink. This is exactly what the Son of the Fatherland states in 1867. He writes that a papier-mâché boat was built 39 feet long and weighing 40 pounds. The material is impregnated with oil and waterproof for water, which was confirmed by the trial voyage of the ship. The word cigar comes from the language of the Indian tribes that inhabited the territory of South America. In October 1492, when Europeans (participants of the Columbus expedition) visited these lands for the first time, they noticed that the locals used maize leaves (or other large leaves) for ritual inhalation of smoke, in which they wrap the stuffing from the leaves of another plant, which gives fragrant when burned. smoke. The Indians called this stuffing from a hitherto unknown plant in the Old World cohiba. Later in Cuba, this was the name of the famous brand of cigars. COHIBA - this excellent brand of cigars was born in Cuba in the early 60s and was created in honor of the victory of the revolution. Place of birth and production - a suburb of Havana Lugito. Ramon Cifuentes was the last of the great cigar makers to leave Cuba in the early 1960s. Under his leadership (and before him - under the leadership of his father), the famous Partagas cigars were made in Cuba long before the revolution. Later, their production moved to Santiago, the capital of the Dominican Republic, but the tradition has been preserved - the filling for them is still made from Cuban tobaccos, the subleaf is grown in Mexico, and the best Cameroonian tobacco is selected for the outer leaf. The European banker Herman Upmann loved Cuban cigars so much that he permanently moved to live in Cuba and in 1844 established his own cigar factory there. True, he was not lucky with banking, but light cigars of the H. Upmann brand are famous all over the world. Ramon Allones is credited with inventing the colored labels he put on his cigar boxes. This man emigrated to Cuba from Galicia and created his own brand of cigars in 1837. Gait - (French allure, lit. - gait), a way of forward movement of a horse. In a natural gait (walk, trot, amble, gallop), the horse moves without prior training. An artificial gait (elements of a higher riding school - piaffe, passage, school or Spanish step and trot, three-legged gallop, pirouette, etc.) is developed in the horse by special training. Hippology - (Greek hippos - horse and logos - teaching), the science of the horse, which has existed since ancient times. Hippology includes information about the origin of the horse, breed formation, anatomy and physiology, horse breeding and rearing of young animals, testing and equestrian sports, feeding and basic hygiene of horses.
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