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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The representative of the Greek Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Kalinikos, said that his church would be ready to apologize for its cooperation with the regime of black colonels in the early 70s only after the Pope apologized for the pogrom organized in the Orthodox churches of Constantinople by the crusaders during their capture of the city in 1204. (Nope, Athens, 23.03.2000/XNUMX/XNUMX) Rats appeared on Earth 48 million years earlier than humans. (krysa.boom.ru/index.html) The greatest depth of the world ocean - in the area of the Mariana Trench, near Japan - is approximately 10 m. It will take 924 minutes for a steel ball weighing 1 kg to sink to the bottom of the ocean in this place. The name of the state of Kansas in translation from the Sioux language means people of the south wind. Air support for the advance of ground troops was first used in Russia. In the summer of 1915, five Russian aircraft attacked a concentration of German troops at the crossing of the Bug River. (P. Duz, History of aeronautics and aviation in Russia) Delaware, which was the first of the 13 states to ratify the US Constitution in 1787, is referred to as the first state. According to psychologists, the girl brings a groom to the house, whose image reminds her of her father, as she remembered him when she was 10 years old. In Paris, in the International Chamber of Weights and Measures, next to the platinum meter, a cubic meter of Russian chernozem is stored - the standard of soil structure and fertility. The word chernozem itself became an international term at the decisive insistence of V.V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903) - the great Russian naturalist, the founder of modern soil science. The biggest snowflakes fell on December 4, 1892 in Saxony. Their diameter reached 12 centimeters. Kalam - reed feather. Francois Mansart - the creator of the attic. He came up with an overlap that allows you to arrange an additional room under a gable roof. The word symphony comes from the Greek symphonia - consonance. The poorest citizens of Rome, who did not have money to buy weapons, were not taken to the war; they were called proletarians (from the Latin word proles offspring), for the state had no other use for these poor people, except that they produced offspring. (E. Fedorova, People of Imperial Rome) Bulimia is an indomitable appetite. The figurative language of the Indians testifies to the fact that among the Indians there was and has been preserved to this day a stable custom to collect the bones of the dead and put them in a special place. So, when making peace with some tribe with which they fought, burying a battle ax in the ground and picking up a wampum - a necklace of shells, they say: Now we will collect all the bones of the fallen and bury them (T. Jefferson, Notes on state of Virginia) Theodore Roosevelt believed that shark meat tasted great and publicly stated this to encourage people to eat sharks. During World War I, Roosevelt turned to his friend Russell Coles, who had been studying and catching sharks in the Caroline Islands for years, for support. Coles boasted that he had tried at least 18 different species of sharks and rays. (potior.boom.ru/) The boatswain is a senior non-commissioned officer in the fleet. Bourgogne is slightly heated in hot sand and in general all red wines are served not too cold, while shaman wine is served only in metal vases filled with ice and taken out only at the moment when it should be poured and served to guests. (chat.ru/~etika_ru/start/index.htm) Lamels - parallel plates in blinds. Chopper - a large oblong stone tool made of pebbles, treated with one or two rough blows on one side (uniface) using a chipper, as a result of which one chip and one surface are obtained. Widespread in the Lower Paleolithic. (komi.com/sip/voc/voc.htm) Sagrada Familia in Barcelona has been under construction for over 150 years. To date, two facades and the frame of the nave have been built. According to preliminary estimates, the construction of the temple will take more than 80 years. (coins.ok.ru/ ) Alluvium ancient sediment carried by streams, water. The Turkish March was written by L. van Beethoven. Also, sometimes the Turkish March is called the work of Mozart Rondo in the Turkish style. The former name of the city of Syktyvkar was Ust-Sysolsk. The 35mm film standard was established in 1917. 1 verst corresponds to 1.0668 kilometers, 1 fathom - 2.1336 meters, 1 bucket - 12.2994 cubic decimeters (liters), 1 pound - 409.512 grams, 1 point - 254 micrometers, 1 tithe - 10925.4 square meters. (IP, Polytechnic Dictionary) In 1854, the cost of 1 kg of aluminum was 1200 rubles, i.e. 270 times more expensive than silver, and in 1899 - 1 ruble. (Denisov Evgeny, Textbook of chemistry, grade 9) Rock crystals sometimes reach huge sizes. In 1958, a crystal weighing 70 tons was found in Kazakhstan (Denisov Evgeny, Chemistry Textbook, Grade 9) New York was founded by the Dutch, got its name from the British, and the Statue of Liberty from the French. Japanese scientists have found that the smell of lemon or lavender significantly reduces errors when working with the keyboard. It was noticed that on the island of Okinawa in Japan there are many centenarians, and there are also those who have already lived for 120 years. Drinking water on this island contains a large amount of calcium, and this is the reason for the low mortality from strokes among the population. There was about six times more calcium in the water compared to the Japanese average. The duration of pregnancy in modern elephants is about 22 months (Andrey Kirienko, Mammoth Biology, spaero.com/spaero/cd_rom/rus/mammoth/page/m_p05.htm) It has been scientifically proven that elephants trample chickens much better than roosters! (jumbo-co.newmail.ru/) Recipient - the subject that perceives the message addressed to him. Respondent - a subject responding to a message. (Elizaveta Ionova, Psychology. Dictionary / Under the general editorship of A.V. Petrovsky, M.G. Yaroshevsky., 1990 p. 342) A just-released Austrian school textbook on modern and recent history says that the concentration camps in the Third Reich were intended to provide prisoners with more comfortable conditions than ordinary prisons. (Soire, Brussels, 7.04.2000) The Japanese Hirotada Ototake, born without lower and upper limbs, managed to become a basketball player, a certified diver, a traveler, and a television animator. He recently published a book about his life, called The main thing is not to lose a sense of humor. (Mond, Paris, 3.04.2000) Since April 1, the salary of government officials in Angola has been tripled. Now they get $12 a month. (AFP, 28.03.2000/XNUMX/XNUMX) Indian Jeevan Singh Bisht, having written 8 pens in 111 months, wrote a letter to his beloved. 10 million words fit on 240 measures of paper, which weigh almost 8 kg. (Alfavit, N15, 2000) One ear of an adult African elephant weighs 85 kg. If an African elephant spreads his ears, then the distance between them will be equal to his height. (jumbo-co.newmail.ru/) The Soviet joystick is called a joystick mechanism and is used to cleave targets on the screen of the all-round view indicator in obsolete equipment. The only death sentence in the history of modern Israel was handed down to Adolf Eichmann, the main organizer of the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust. On July 1, 1962, Eichmann was hanged. (V. Dunaev, Posthumous notes of the executioner about the Holocaust, Izvestia, 2.03.2000) The first museum in England opened in 1683 at Oxford University. The entrance fee was taken at the exit, and it changed depending on how much time the visitor spent in the halls. The oldest tunnel in the world runs under the Euphrates River. Its age is about four thousand years. The length of the tunnel is a kilometer. When discussing the issue of the US state seal project, Benjamin Franklin made a proposal to depict a turkey on it. Others suggested the bald eagle, which Franklin categorically rejected because the eagle has a bad habit of stealing fish from other birds, its rightful owners. (V. Krasnopertsev, Seagulls on a pedestal) On June 7, 1992, after the decree of President Yeltsin on the abolition of the state monopoly on the production of vodka, the British newspaper The Times wrote: The abolition of the state monopoly on vodka is political suicide for the country. When Einstein and his wife visited the Mount Wilson Observatory in the late 1930s, Mrs. Einstein was shown a giant telescope and explained that with its help, scientists can penetrate the deep mysteries of the universe. To this she remarked: How is it? And my husband does it on the back of old envelopes. (V. Frenkel, Einstein - inventor) Terem - the upper light residential tier in the mansions. Opera Aida was created by G. Verdi for the opening of the Suez Canal Cartel - a written challenge to a duel sent by a second. Originally: the order of competitions in the medieval tournaments of knights. Salvador Dali was granted the title of Marquis of Pubol. Until 1885, takeaway vodka in Russia was only sold by the bucket. And only since 1885 in the capitals of St. Petersburg and Moscow, in the most luxurious stores, a very limited bottle sale of vodka begins. Saint George is the patron saint of Mexico City. The territory of Spain is 505.955 square kilometers, and on the European continent, Spain is in third place in this indicator after Russia and France. The longest lava flow was recorded in 1783 during the eruption of the Laki volcano in the southeast of Iceland. This stream stretched for 65 - 70 kilometers. According to legend, the idea of establishing the Russian Geographical Society arose in 1845 at a dinner given in St. Petersburg in honor of A.F. Middendorf, who had just returned from his famous expedition to Eastern Siberia. Residents of Japan are convinced that each of them is obliged to do their job in the best possible way. Therefore, offering a tip to a Japanese in the expectation that he will do especially well in the performance of his duties is perceived as an insult. In ancient Germany, lilies of the valley were considered a guarantee of love and happiness in family life. Prince L. S. Golitsyn, appointed to the position of chief winemaker of the Specific Department in the Crimea and the Caucasus, in 1890 decides to build Russia's first underground tunnel-type plant for the production and aging of table and dessert wines. Construction began in 1894 in a place called Massandra. Territory of Ukraine 603 sq. km. In terms of territory, Ukraine is second only to Russia among European countries. (kontorakuka.ru/countries/europe/ukraine/main.htm) A Dutch scholar compiled an Atlas of Lamentations. It turned out that women in Turkey, Chile and the United States cry most of all, and men in Spain, Peru and Bolivia cry least of all. (Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 18.02.2000/XNUMX/XNUMX) The goddess of the dawn, Eos, begged immortality from Zeus for her husband Typhon, but at the same time forgot to ask him for eternal youth, and Typhon eventually became a decrepit, undying old man. With persistent hiccups, a decoction of dill seeds was prescribed. Elephants are very good swimmers. They can swim 35 kilometers in three hours The human heart pumps 10 liters of blood per day. And the length of all vessels through which blood flows is 000 thousand km. A liter of the substance of the smallest star - Kuiper - weighs about 36 tons, which is equal to the load of 000 railway freight trains. A match made from such a substance would weigh about 12 tons. (encyclopedia of astronomy, 6) The tallest basketball player in the world, 30-year-old Li Myun Hun from North Korea, is 236 cm tall. (Patachnik, Kurier newspaper) The average person signs their name 7500 times in their lifetime. People with blue eyes are more sensitive to pain. Malvasia is a variety of Cypriot wine, later produced in southern France. Franklin is a representative of wealthy landowners, mainly from old rural Anglo-Saxon families. Numerous small cactus spines that have stuck into the skin can be quickly removed by dripping wax from a candle onto this place. The hardened wax is removed along with the thorns. Suitable for this purpose are some types of glue that form an elastic film. (Encyclopedia of useful ideas, strogino.com/kostya/scripts/rubric.exe) Russian fishermen learned how to produce caviar in the 1520th century, and already in 1672, Pope Julius II appreciated its merits and introduced it to the menu of European royal courts. It is believed that since the time of Ivan the Terrible, sturgeons have been supplied to the royal table. Well-known connoisseur L.P. Sabateev in his book Fish of Russia writes that by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of 50, each of the 30 palace fishermen was charged with the duty to deliver 1500 sturgeons to the royal court - a total of XNUMX per year. (Russian caviar, rus.caviar.ru/ ) Oil and gas production enterprises in the Western Siberian cities of Langepas, Uray and Kogalym were merged in 1991 into an oil concern that became the basis of OAO LUKOIL. The first letters of the city names gave the name of the company. Taphofilia - love for cemeteries (from gr. taphos - grave, burial). (Kondaurov) There is so much ice in Antarctica that it can cover the entire globe with a layer of 85 meters thick. (Encyclopedia of Geography, 1961) The smallest fluctuation in air temperatures - winter and summer - is observed in the areas of the Marshall Islands. It is only 0,4 degrees. (Alex V.Ivakhoff, Encyclopedia of Geography, 1961) In the new edition of the most authoritative encyclopedia Britannica (1994), in the Micropedia section, it is said that V. I. Lenin died in 1924 in Nizhny Novgorod, not far from Moscow. In the same edition, in Macropedia, we read that he died at Gorky, near Moscow, and in the 1975 edition - at Gorki. So, Gorki near Moscow was transformed into Gorky, and then, with English accuracy, into Nizhny Novgorod. 1 year=365,242 days=8765,81 hours=525949 minutes=3,15569E+007 seconds. And 1 day = 86400 seconds. (Shamil Timershin, Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius) The constellation Orion is the patron saint of Russia. At the end of summer (best in mid-August), the perch is perfectly caught by spinning on a small lure or, even better, on a tackle called pasta. Pasta is a piece of white PVC tube 4-5 mm thick and 30-35 mm long. 4-5 leashes 6-8 cm long are tied to a fishing line with a sinker. A vinyl chloride tube is put on each leash and a hook or a small double is tied. It is necessary to carry out abandoned tackle close to the surface of the water. (Volga fish, geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2109/fish_r1 .htm) July 2000 marks the 135th anniversary of the first edition of the famous fairy tale Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by the English writer Lewis Carroll (pseudonym of the Oxford mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832-1898). White rebels (White Guys) - one of the peasant organizations in Ireland in the early 60s. 1765th century They usually operated at night, wearing white shirts over their clothes. The law of XNUMX prescribed the death penalty for participation in this organization. Emperor Nicholas II in 1898 addressed the heads of European states with a circular note on the establishment of eternal peace. The largest temperature fluctuation between winter and summer is observed in the Oymyakon region (Yakutia). It is 102 degrees - from minus 71 to plus 31. (Encyclopedia of Geography, 1961) 1 kg=5000 carats=32,1507 ounces=2,20462 pounds=6,02206E+026 amu (atomic mass units) \u0,00610482d 22727,3 Berkovts \u250d XNUMX shares \uXNUMXd XNUMX spools. (Shamil, Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius) The smallest banknote was issued by the Romanian Ministry of Finance in 1917. A ticket for 10 baths measured 27,5 by 38 millimeters. Out of 10 drinkers the habit of daily alcohol consumption develops in one, out of 10 smokers the habit of daily tobacco consumption develops in 9 people. (Patachnik, journal Science and Life) Speleology should not be confused with speleology. The latter is a science, a type of tourism and a sport based on the study and passage of natural, karst cavities and caves. The word spelestology refers to the study of man-made voids: underground temples, passages, catacombs. (lsp.spb.ru/) The name Vladimir of Slavic origin includes two roots: vlad (to own, power) and peace (peaceful, peace) - owning the world. According to another version, it comes from the German Voldemar. Since childhood, Volodya has been distinguished by curiosity and the ability to apply his knowledge to everything, he has a propensity for risk and a certain adventurous nature. Besides, he always dominates. (i.com.ua/~fio/vladimir.htm) Tara is the ancient capital of Ireland. After being expelled from England in 1290, the Jews reappeared there under Cromwell in the middle of the XNUMXth century. Richard Burbage (1567 - 1619) - the first performer of the role of Hamlet and other major Shakespearean roles, the leading actor of the Globe Theater.
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