|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
Artificial ivory. Simple recipes and tips
Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes Here are some ways to simulate Ivory. One of the old methods of obtaining artificial ivory is the following. Using this method, 8 wt. parts of bleached white shellac are dissolved in 32 wt. parts of ammonia (sp. 0,995, which corresponds to 14% ammonia gas content). Shellac is dissolved at a temperature of 35 to 40 °C with constant shaking in a closed vessel. After 5 hours, the solution is usually ready and is a liquid with the consistency of syrup. When the shellac is completely dissolved, 40 wt. is added to the solution, with thorough stirring. including zinc oxide (zinc white). The mixture must be mixed well to obtain a completely homogeneous mass. Stirring for more perfect softening can also be done in a paint grinder. Next, you need to remove ammonia from the mixture, which has already served its purpose. This is done by heating the mass. The mixture is then air dried on glass sheets. After drying, the mass can be molded. To obtain a product of higher quality, the dried mass is ground into powder in a completely dry mill and the crushed mass is pressed. The pressure in the molds is usually maintained at approximately 160 kg per 1 cm2, at a temperature of 125-128 °C. If they want to obtain objects painted in different tones, then coloring substances are added either to zinc white or when grinding the dry mass. When melting borax with the addition of a solution of potash, aniline paint and lithopone, a mass can be obtained, which with zinc white gives a product that imitates ivory. The composition of the mixture is as follows:
Lithopone is a mineral paint, which in its composition is a mixture of zinc sulfide with barium sulphide salt. Depending on the desired shade, add the appropriate amount of coloring matter. Raw materials for obtaining this mass in another way are glue, alabaster and cellulose. For casting, metal molds are mainly used, since they convey details in more detail than molds made from other materials. Various decorations, inlays for furniture, covers for albums, etc. are made from this mass. In appearance, the mass is completely similar to natural ivory. The preparation method is as follows: prepare the following solutions beforehand: Adhesive solution 100 g of good quality light glue is allowed to swell in 1 liter of clean well water, dissolved with low heat and filtered through a cloth. Cellulose Blend 50 g of well-bleached pulp (wood pulp - cellulose board - paper pulp) is kneaded with 3,5 liters of water until a homogeneous fibrous porridge is obtained. alum solution Dissolve 50 g of alum in 1 liter of hot water. The solution must be lukewarm, as if it is cooled too much, alum crystals may precipitate. In a large pottery, 75% of the adhesive solution and 200 g of the cellulose mixture are mixed with the addition of 200 g of clean well water. To the resulting mixture is added 250 g of the purest possible, previously sifted through a sieve of alabaster gypsum. The mixture is thoroughly mixed until the gypsum is completely quenched and a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then 200 g of alum solution is poured and again everything is well mixed. The mass obtained in this way is poured into open molds, previously lightly lubricated with some kind of oil. In order for the mass to be evenly distributed, and there were no air bubbles, the mold must be shaken, after which it is left alone until the mass begins to thicken. At this moment, a piece of linen cloth is placed on the mold, and then a wooden or metal plate is placed on the cloth of the appropriate size. This plate serves as a lid for the mold. Next, they are pressed under pressure. The pressure-separated water drains fairly clean. The addition of alum gives the mass the ability to quickly harden and, moreover, holds back the adhesive in the mass so that only pure water flows down during slow timely pressing. After pressing, the mold is left to stand for at least 15 minutes, after which the molded object is knocked out with a wooden mallet. The molded objects are placed for a short time in hot water to wash off the grease that has stuck to the oiled molds. Then the molded objects are dried in drying ovens and finally placed in a hot solution composed of different parts of wax and stearin. Objects soaked through with this solution are cooled and brushed with a soft brush with gypsum powder until a sufficient ivory sheen is obtained. To give ivory a more yellow hue, glue, alum and cellulose are taken in slightly different proportions. This imitation has the hardness and brilliance of celluloid, favorably differing from the latter in its incombustibility. It is prepared in the following way. Dissolve 200 g of casein and 50 g of ammonia in 400 g of water (also use a solution of albumin in 400 g of water). To the solution is added a mixture of: Quicklime 240 g Acetic aluminum salt 150 g Alum 50 g Calcium sulphate salt 1200 g Oil (drying) 100 g (oil should be added to the mixture last) For dark objects, tannin from 75 to 100 g is taken instead of acetic aluminum salt. These compositions should be mixed well to form a uniform paste, which is rolled and thus plates of the desired thickness are obtained. These plates are either dried and stamped in metal molds that are preheated, or they are pounded into a very fine powder, which is then poured into molds and subjected to strong compression. When the items are made, they are immersed in a bath consisting of:
Then they are dried, polished and varnished with shellac. Imitation glue paste ivory billiard balls. Soak during the day 80 wt. hours of carpentry (bone) glue and 10 wt. hours of Cologne glue in 120 wt. hours of water. Then heated in a water bath until the glue dissolves and lumps disappear, after which a mixture of 5 wt. hours of powdered heavy spar and 4 wt. h. chalk. Mix thoroughly and add 1 wt. hours of boiled linseed oil. Preparation of billiard balls from this mass is as follows. A wooden ball of appropriate size is immersed in the mass for a while, then the adhesive layer adhering to the ball is dried, then again immersed in the mass, dried, etc., until the ball is 1/5 larger than it should be in the future. Next, the ball is left to dry for at least 3 months, then it is turned and immersed for an hour in a solution of aluminum acetate salt. A solution of acetic aluminum salt can be obtained by mixing solutions of acetic lead salt (lead sugar) and a solution of aluminum sulphide salt (aluminum sulphate). In this case, a precipitate of lead sulphide salt precipitates. The filtered solution will be the aluminum acetate solution. After immersion in the solution, the ball is dried again. Then it is sanded again and left for 1 hour in a formaldehyde solution, then dried again and finally polished, as is practiced with real ivory. Author: Korolev V.A.
▪ Mordant for imitation mahogany
Artificial leather for touch emulation
15.04.2024 Petgugu Global cat litter
15.04.2024 The attractiveness of caring men
14.04.2024
▪ Nanomaterial of molecules twisted simultaneously in opposite directions ▪ Only the old man Hottabych can survive in a copper jug ▪ Mold is the key to finding extraterrestrial life
▪ section of the site Spy stuff. Article selection ▪ Panacea article. Popular expression ▪ article Where and when were film screenings accompanied by scents? Detailed answer ▪ article The functional composition of Colortron TVs. Directory ▪ article Cleaning the gilding. Simple recipes and tips ▪ article LED bicycle headlight. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page