Masses of papier-mâché. simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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Masses of papier-mâché. Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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Papier mache considered the oldest of all plastics. It has very good properties and is used for many products.

In the old days, papier-mâché used only paper waste as a raw material. At present, factory pulp is the main raw material, while paper waste is used only in small industries. In addition to chemically processed pulp, mechanically processed wood pulp is also used. In most cases, a mixture of cellulose and wood pulp mixed with paper waste is used. In general, the manufacture of this mass is unusually simple.

Paper waste is crushed, soaked in water, kneaded with a binder and fillers into a uniform porridge and pressed into molds. Usually mineral fillers are used, such as, for example, certain types of clay, gypsum, heavy spar, asbestos, magnesia, etc.

The binders are usually glue water, starch paste, alum, tannins, etc. One of the common methods for making papier-mâché is the following.

At 240 wt. hours of evenly crushed paper pulp add 360 weight. hours of finely ground chalk. Then add to this mixture an adhesive solution prepared from 60 wt. hours of bone glue and 240 wt. hours of water.

The resulting mass is filtered and the resulting water is brewed with 30 parts by weight of starch flour. To this starch paste is added 8 wt. hours of tobacco mordant and mix it all with paper pulp. Then the mass is kneaded for a long time, sheets are rolled out, which are finally pressed into molds.

In another method, waste paper or pulp is softened for a long time in hot water and then stirred until it is pulverized. Then gypsum is kneaded quite thickly in a warm glue solution, the paper mass is added there, mixing it well. Finally, the mass is diluted with an adhesive solution until it becomes sufficiently liquid and easy to process. When kneading, be careful not to form lumps. No more than a third of paper porridge should be added to the gypsum dough mixed with glue. Depending on the size of the object, this addition can still be changed in one direction or another. It must be borne in mind that during solidification, the mass increases in volume.

The following ratios give good masses suitable for castings:

30 volume parts of gypsum dough and 15 volume parts of paper pulp, thoroughly mixed, give after dilution a rather weak mass applicable for easily drying things. It has the hardness of soft wood and is easy to work with.
30 volume parts of gypsum porridge and 12 volume parts of paper porridge.
30 volume parts of gypsum dough, 10 volume parts of paper and 5 volume parts of shale flour. The mass is quite solid.
30 volume parts of gypsum dough, 8 volume parts of paper and 8 volume parts of shale flour. This mass hardens a little faster than others.
30 volume parts of gypsum dough, 10 volume parts of shale flour and 5 volume parts of paper pulp.
40 volume parts of gypsum dough and 5 volume parts of paper. This mass for stronger things dries quickly, breaks easily and is as hard as wood. Shale flour can also be replaced with chalk.

When using these recipes, the mass is poured into molds smeared with linseed oil, and thin objects harden so much in 5-10 minutes that they can already be removed from the molds. Stronger items require a longer time - from 1 to 2 hours, because their glue does not harden so quickly. If the mass in the molds becomes as elastic as rubber and therefore the object can be taken out, then the adhesive has hardened. Gypsum seizes due to the presence of glue only after a few hours. In addition, paper, due to its hygroscopicity, delays the setting of the gypsum, so castings containing too much paper are in a flexible elastic state until the gypsum sets, which lasts for several days. The masses are also amenable to any coloring by adding dyes to the dough when kneading.

Mixed in an appropriate vessel 50 wt. including finely ground and elutriated shale, 20 wt. hours of paper pulp and 30 wt. hours of burnt gypsum with a sufficient amount of water and knead into a well-mixed liquid porridge.

The mass is poured into closed empty molds, previously lubricated with some fatty substance, finely ground slate or gypsum powder. After a few minutes of staying in the molds of the poured mass, a more or less strong crust is formed, after which the excess still liquid cash register of the molds is drained and the manufactured object is removed from them. After removing the water parts from it by drying, the object can be further processed in the usual way to give it the appropriate strength and strength, and finally coated with any paints, varnishes, paraffin, wax, rubber, etc.

60 wt. hours of paper pulp, 20 wt. hours of rosin powder, 5 wt. hours of castor oil and 5 wt. hours of glycerin, 10 wt. h. coloring and filling substances and 4 wt. h. copal varnish. This mixture is added with such an amount of alcohol that a plastic mass suitable for pressing in molds is obtained.

The so-called papier-mâché made of ivory paper consists of layers of unglued paper superimposed on each other, and between the layers a solution of rubber varnish is applied as a binder. The paper folded in this way is passed under a certain pressure between heated rollers. The work is finished with varnishing. For all items made of papier-mâché, subsequent processing is essential, which consists in varnishing with amber or lacquer. Another type of treatment is impregnation with turpentine or drying oil and tanning of the surface with tannin, alum, formaldehyde, etc.

Papier-mâché clay masses are also widely used. In this case, the mass is a mixture of paper pulp with 25-30% clay. The binder in this case is casein.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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