Crayons (for wood, leather, fabric, etc.). simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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Crayons (for wood, leather, fabric, etc.). Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

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Preparation of elutriated chalk

For the best varieties of various crayons the so-called elutriated chalk is used (in trade it is called melted chalk). To prepare elutriated chalk, natural chalk is used. It is broken into pieces, sorted, discarded of all impurities and then ground with water on millstones. The resulting mass is settled, and heavy impurities (sand, stones) will settle to the bottom. The liquid, containing the already purer material, is passed into the second tank, then into the third, until all impurities have settled to the bottom and have been removed. Then the mass is allowed to settle in a vat for a rather long time, the water is drained, and the remaining mass is transferred to boxes with perforated walls covered with linen. Next, the mass is dried on sieves, and if, after drying, the chalk crumbles very much, then a little dextrin solution or glue is added.

Preparation of colored crayons for various purposes

Chalk for writing, as well as chalk for wood and leather, is obtained by molding white elutriated (ground) chalk with a binder. Crayons, in addition to a beautiful color, must have a certain hardness, that is, they should not be too hard or too soft. Chalk powder is mixed with the appropriate amount of mineral paints to obtain any shade and kneaded in an aqueous solution of wood glue, gum arabic or dextrin. Crayons

Any mineral paint can be used, but it should be noted that mixing with chalk spoils the color of Prussian blue, cormorant and chrome yellow. Gypsum, alabaster, and also white lead can be used as a filler for white crayons, but these materials are generally too expensive.

Soap (in the form of soapy water), oil or wax can be added to make the chalk soft. Ready dried crayons are dipped in oil, which improves their color and makes them softer. As a binder for colored crayons, brewer's yeast, glue, gum arabic, and oatmeal paste are also used. Preparation is carried out as follows.

Carefully mixed chalk, dye and binder are laid out on a table or on boards, which are previously covered with 5-6 sheets of used paper (waste paper). Due to the absorption of a significant part of the moisture by the paper, the mass acquires a thick consistency. When the mass becomes thick enough, and it can be picked up without fear of sticking, take a piece the size of a nut, roll it into a ball, and then roll it into a cylinder with your palm. After that, the cylinder is rolled with a smooth board so that it gets a flat and smooth surface. The crayons molded in this way are placed on boards, covered with paper and dried in the shade.

Below are some of the recipes masses for colored crayonswhich can also be used for colored pencils.

blue crayons

Parisian blue gives dark shades. So that the crayons are not too hard, use the following method.

Parisian blue, finely ground, is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, which bleaches it. Subsequent washing with water restores its color and is accompanied by the precipitation of a fine precipitate, which is mixed with an equal amount of chalk and kneaded with water with the addition of a small amount of soap and dextrin.

red crayons

They are made from madder, cormorant, kneading the latter with brewer's yeast, oatmeal, milk or gum arabic.

Mix 4 wt. hours of chalk, 1 wt. hours of lime marl and stained with cochineal broth with alum. Very beautiful crayons can be obtained by mixing 2 wt. hours of red ocher, 1 wt. hours of carmine mixed with milk, oatmeal decoction or a solution of gum arabic. Ordinary crayons are made from red chalk, red bolus, kolkotar, etc.

yellow crayons

Obtained from yellow ocher or chrome yellow, which is used in pure form or ground with honey and mixed with a solution of gum arabic or brewer's yeast.

green crayons

Green crayons are made from mountain greens, mixed with chalk and brewer's yeast, from a mixture of Prussian blue with chrome yellow, or, finally, from cormorant yellow mixed with ultramarine green or Schweifurt greens (poisonous!).

black crayons

They are made from willow charcoal or lamp black with a small amount of Parisian blue and adhesives.

Cheap crayons

Cheaper crayons can be prepared by stirring a mixture of good quality light clay and chalk in water. Thus, a porridge-like mass is obtained, to which ultramarine is added for blue crayons, ocher for yellow crayons, mummy and cinnabar for red crayons, etc. An evenly mixed mass is molded in appropriate forms - from wood or metal. Forms are pre-lubricated with some kind of fat. After molding, the pieces are left to dry slowly in the air or in poorly heated rooms. After drying, they are ready for use.

You can also make crayons by grinding 1 wt. hours of elutriated chalk with 1 wt. hours of burnt gypsum (lost the ability to set) and 0,25 wt. including steatite. Mineral paint of any color is added to the mixture in an appropriate amount. The resulting mixture is kneaded with a very weak solution of dextrin into a thick porridge, which is placed on screening sheets to allow excess water to drain. The dried mass is cut into prisms of the desired size and left on plaster plates to dry. From time to time they turn from side to side.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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