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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
Toilet soap. Simple recipes and tips
Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes Toilet soap manufactured in various ways. I. Hot way. As a basis for toilet soaps, you can take tallow soap prepared with soda lye, or prepare it separately, using pork fat in combination with coconut oil. Coconut oil must be of the highest quality, and lard must be exceptionally fresh and well-refined. Fat is cleaned as follows: fresh fat is washed several times in cold water, cut into pieces and placed in a bag, which is hung in a cauldron of water and boiled. When the water boils and the fat dissolves, it is slightly squeezed out, and most of the fiber remains in the bag along with the garbage, the bag is taken out. For each kilogram of a mixture of fat with water, put 4-5 g of table salt and 1-2 g of alum in powder, with a strong boil of the liquid and constant stirring. After some time, the boil is stopped and the fat is allowed to float to the surface. The resulting scale is carefully removed, filtered through a cloth into a clean vat and allowed to harden. Thus prepared fat can be stored without change in a cool place for a long time. To obtain a good toilet soap, for every 10 g of fat, take 5-20 g of coconut oil. The latter is added not only to reduce the cost, but also in order to "pour" it with more water. The soap itself is made in the usual way, it is only necessary to ensure that the resulting soap is neutral, i.e. so that there is no excess of alkalis in it. For this purpose, it is salted out several times and then boiled again. After the last salting, boiling is continued until the sample taken with a glass rod on the plate is completely satisfactory, i.e. when squeezing the mass between the fingers, solid plates should be obtained that should not break. In order to have a perfectly clean soap, it is stirred with a pole, skimmed off the foam and poured into molds until it is transparent. The soap mass remaining at the bottom of the boiler will be less transparent and pure, and therefore it must be allowed to harden separately. II. Cold way. The preparation of toilet soaps in the cold way by stirring has many advantages, which mainly boil down to the fact that here coloring and perfume are carried out simultaneously, constituting, as it were, one operation, after which it remains only to cut and shape the hardened soap mass. To prepare soap in a cold way, coconut oil is taken, previously cleaned of random dirt, and saponified with strong soda lye at low temperature and constant stirring. In order for the resulting soap to be neutral, it is necessary to make several preliminary samples and accurately determine the quantitative ratio of fat and alkali. When the saponification process reaches such a state that the contents of the boiler turn into a homogeneous and difficult to stir mass, then dyes and perfumes are added to it, which, after prolonged stirring, are evenly distributed throughout the mass. III. Remelting. The preparation of toilet soaps by melting is carried out as follows: ordinary heart soap is cut into pieces and thrown into a cauldron inserted into another cauldron with boiling water (water bath). So much water must be poured into the soap so that the sample taken has a good consistency, after which the soap is poured into molds and mixed with coloring and perfume substances. The amount of added water poured for remelting depends on the properties of the soap: for a hard, strong soap, more water is needed than when other grades are used, which already contain a lot of water. Water is generally poured so much that, when cooled, a solid soap is obtained, which foams strongly in water. If the soap taken for remelting is heavily contaminated, then it must be melted with a large amount of water (50-60%), and then salted and boiled. IV. Planing. Preparation of toilet soap by planing is carried out as follows: hearty soap is turned into shavings using a special machine, collected in a wooden trough, mixed with coloring and odorous substances and then turned into a homogeneous mass on a kneading machine. The machine consists of a horizontal cylindrical drum, on the circumference of which there are 4-8 knives. Above the drum, which is driven into rotation, there is an inclined plane, on which layers of soap are placed for planing. The soap with its own weight presses on the drum, the knives of which continuously cut the chips from the soap layer. The blades are set at a significant slope and can therefore cut chips as thick as writing paper. Here are some recipes for toilet soaps prepared in different ways. Almond soap. To prepare it, take 4 kg of white heart soap, finely plan it and add a little milk. The mass is poured into the cauldron, put on moderate heat and stirred until it thickens and begins to stretch. After cooling, bitter-almond oil is added and the soap is poured into a flat wooden box, on the bottom of which a linen is placed. The soap is allowed to cool, harden and then cut into pieces of the desired shape. The factories prepare almond soap from good strong lye with twice the weight of tallow, fat, coconut or palm oil, which must be boiled down until the sample taken out, placed on a cold, smooth plate, quickly hardens. Pink soap. To prepare this soap, take 64 parts of coconut oil, 40 parts of tallow soap, 30 parts of water and heat this mixture for 2-3 hours, knead and add a little eosin for touch-up. Then remove from heat and stir in artificial rose oil. Soap is cast in molds. Violet soap. To prepare this soap, which gives extraordinary softness to the skin, take 100 parts of white heart soap, 10 parts of orris root, 10 parts of dewy incense. The soap is kneaded with water, dyed purple and violet essence is added. Then add as much starch as is necessary to give the soap a hardness, after which the soap is put into molds. Lemon soap. Mix with gentle heating 1 part white fatty soap, 1 part starch, dyed yellow and add lemon essence. From the resulting mass, soap is molded in special forms in the form of a lemon and tinted on top in a yellow-lemon color, dipping it in paint, like Easter eggs. English round soap. To prepare this soap, 200 parts of good white heart soap should be cut into small pieces and then ground in a heated porcelain mortar, adding 1 part of camphor to the mass. 100 parts of starch are added to the resulting batter, dyed in various delicate colors and perfumed. Flat-round pieces are formed from this mass. English shaving soap. This soap is prepared as follows: 100 parts of white soap are finely cut and dissolved in water to the consistency of liquid jelly. Then 10 parts of talc and 10 parts of alum powder are added, dyed cream and perfumed with musk and orange oil. This soap is cast in a cylindrical mold. Author: Korolev V.A.
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