How to give Portland cement the ability to resist severe frost. simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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How to give Portland cement the ability to resist severe frost. Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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How to make frost-resistant cement?

The experiments carried out in this direction by the Austrian engineer Reinhofer deserve attention. It turns out that an aqueous solution of soda completely protects Portland cement from the harmful effects of strong cold on its qualities. For the experiments, a lime mortar was made from 1 part by volume of Portland cement, 1 part of lime and 3 parts of sand. An aqueous solution of soda is added to this mixture so that for each liter of cement there is 1 kg of soda dissolved in 3 liters of water.

The lime putty prepared in this way was exposed for 14,5 hours to a low temperature of -32 ° C, and then dried for 3 hours, and with all this, the cement completely retained its qualities, without showing the slightest change.

Hence the obvious conclusion, which is of great importance for practice: pouring with Portland cement can also be done in severe frosts, without fear of the negative effects of the latter, if an aqueous solution of soda (sodium carbonate) is added to the cement in a proportion close to the above.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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In addition to the recognized migraine-provoking effects of nitroglycerin, a study reports abnormal cardiovascular regulation of this compound in patients with migraine.

Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator and is known to cause migraine attacks in migraine patients. Due to its vasodilating properties, nitroglycerin is used in cardiovascular studies to test for cardiovascular changes in blood pressure measurements secondary to venous pooling. For example, nitroglycerin is used to test baroreflex function in individuals with vasovagal syncope, which is common in migraine patients.

Scientists at the Leiden University Medical Center assessed cardiovascular parameters using photoplethysmography (blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, peripheral resistance) before (-10 min), during intravenous nitroglycerin administration (20 min) and after nitroglycerin administration (10 min.) They compared the differences between migraine patients who had nitroglycerin-induced attacks and healthy controls. The presence of vasovagal syncope was also taken into account.

Ten healthy participants and 16 patients with migraine were included in the study. Thirteen of 16 patients (81,3%) had migraine attacks after nitroglycerin infusion, versus none in the control group. Vasovagal syncope was not provoked. Patients with migraine showed a higher heart rate in response to nitroglycerin infusion. In a subgroup analysis of patients with migraine divided into patients with early attacks (those who had attacks <270 minutes after NTG infusion) or late attacks (at >270 minutes), stroke volume and cardiac output were reduced in both cases within migraine group compared to the healthy control group, with a more pronounced reduction in the early-onset migraine group.

The authors interpret these data with caution as the study was underpowered with a small sample size. Dr. van Oosterhout said, "The increased systemic circulatory response to nitroglycerin in migraine suggests that the systemic vasculature is more susceptible to its (vasodilating) effects." And adds: "Sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) may be increased, possibly due to higher perivascular concentrations of NO synthase." Finally, although none of the participants had vasovagal syncope, the authors do not rule out a common susceptibility to migraine attacks and vasovagal syncope, as some patients in this study also experienced vasovagal syncope in life.

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