Desktop wagon. Drawing, description

HOME WORKSHOP
Free library / Directory / Home Workshop

Desktop wagon. home workshop

Home Workshop

It is known that for many machines the tool performs a rotational movement relative to the part, and they differ from each other mainly only in the horizontal or vertical arrangement of the working body, as well as the use of additional equipment and devices. This prompted the idea of using a single power unit for various operations, consisting of a caliper with a spindle head mounted on it and an electric motor connected by a belt drive. And in order for the spindle to occupy both horizontal and vertical positions, make the entire assembly swivel! This idea has been implemented. For those who have the skills to work on turning and milling machines, making a station wagon will not present any difficulties.

On the base - a rectangular duralumin sheet 25x400x500 mm - two racks are attached - cylindrical steel rods Ø 38 mm. They are connected at the base level and at the top by two bridges made of a 25 mm thick steel bar.

The slider of the spindle head support is a milled brass bar with dimensions of 75x100x160 mm.

Although the massiveness of these parts causes increased labor intensity of manufacturing, the future accuracy of the machine depends on their rigidity.

In order for the caliper to be able to move along the uprights, a lead screw nut is fixed on its slider, and the screw itself - a steel rod with an M20 thread - is installed between the uprights in the upper and lower bridges and, when the flywheel rotates, it has the ability to rotate in the bearing assembly of the lower bridge and in brass sliding bearing - limb - upper.

Rice. 1. The machine in a horizontal version (click to enlarge): 1 - spindle assembly, 2 - lathe chuck mounting flange, 3 - lathe chuck, 4 - mandrel for installing a saw blade, 5 - support table, 6 - saw.

Rice. 2. Vertical version of the machine (click to enlarge): 1 - flywheel with a handle, 2 - limb bearing, 3 - upper bridge, 4 - vertical feed screw (M20), 5 - caliper nut with a split flange, 6 - spindle caliper slider assembly, 7 - rotary caliper, 8 - spindle pulley, 9 - clamping nuts, 10 - oil retaining rings, 11 - bearing No. 205, 12 - spindle, 13 - body, 14 - axial bolt for fixing the rotary caliper, 15 - additional bolt, 16 - bearing cover, 17 - bearing No. 202, 18 - thrust bearing No. 8102, 19 - washer, 20 - nuts, 21 - lower bridge, 22 machine base, 23 - screw leg.

To compensate for possible axial clearance in the threaded connection, a groove is provided in the flange of the caliper nut, by pressing which it is easy to reduce the clearance. The shank of the lead screw is fastened with nuts in the lower bridge through two bearings: radial No. 202 and thrust No. 8102. This design ensures free rotation of the screw with the possibility of full selection of axial clearance.

The vertical feed mechanism allows you to accurately determine the movement of the slider, focusing on the angular rotation of the lead screw. To do this, a number of marks evenly distributed around the circumference are applied on the conical surface of the limb-bearing. We obtain the price of dividing the limb by dividing the pitch of the lead screw by their number.

Of great importance for the accuracy of the machine is the free, but backlash-free movement of the slider along the guides. It depends, firstly, on the accuracy of maintaining the center distances of the holes for the racks in three parts: the slider, upper and lower bridges, and, secondly, on ensuring backlash-free mating: racks - slider. The first condition is easily provided by the joint processing of these parts during manufacture, and the second - by fitting the outer diameter of the racks to the diameter of the holes in the slider.

The power unit of the machine consists of a rotary caliper, a spindle head and motor fixing plates. The entire assembly mounted on the slider has the ability to rotate around the horizontal axis at any angle and be fixed in the selected position using the central and additional bolts.

It is possible to make a rotary caliper from a round steel rod Ø 100 mm and 170 mm long by milling a segmental groove in its cylindrical surface for installing the bearing plates of the electric motor and two more parallel platforms for the annular clamp of the spindle assembly.

The electric motor is mounted on a bracket using two steel plates connected by bolts through grooves that provide the ability to adjust its position. This makes it possible to install the pulleys of the electric motor and the spindle in the same plane, as well as to ensure the necessary tension of the drive belt.

The spindle head consists of parts that can be easily machined on a lathe: body, spindle, oil rings, clamp nuts and multi-ribbed pulley.

The spindle - a hollow steel shaft - is driven by an electric motor using a V-belt transmission by means of a pulley mounted on a key. The working shank of the spindle has an internal hole for cone No. 2, and an M33 thread along the outer diameter. This makes it possible to install in it a tool with an ionic shank - drills, reamers, countersinks, boring heads, collets, drilling chucks, and with the help of adapter flanges and a frame - a lathe chuck, faceplates, grinding, polishing wheels, cutting ceramic and circular cutters, saws .

Of course, some adaptations are required to make the most effective use of these tools. So, with a vertical orientation of the spindle, it is desirable to use a machine vice to perform drilling work. When drilling small parts, it is more convenient to use a working table of a lever or gear type.

The use of a coordinate table with a machine vice fixed on it will significantly expand the functionality of the machine. Due to the presence of two mutually perpendicular lead screws, the part clamped in a vise can be displaced relative to the rotating tool in two directions (along two coordinates). This will allow, with a vertical layout, to perform milling work, and with a horizontal one, holding the part in the chuck, and the cutter in a vice, - turning. In order to sharpen parts of considerable length and process hard materials: steel, cast iron, bronze, the tailstock can be fixed on the table, and the caliper can be equipped with an additional sliding stand fixed on the base.

Rice. 3. The power unit of the machine (click to enlarge): 1 - electric motor pulley, 2 - electric motor N - 180 W, n = 1380 rpm, 3 - engine mounting plate, 4 - bracket carrier plate, 5 - V-belt, 6 - spindle pulley

Rice. 4. A set of basic tools for a universal machine (click to enlarge): 1 - a collet with a tightening bolt, 2 - a tool with a tapered shank, 3 - installing a tool through a transition cone, 4 - a drilling chuck on a conical mandrel, 5 - a lathe chuck with adapter flange, 6 - disk cutter, 7-10 - tools with a cylindrical shank: drills, countersinks, reamers, boring heads, etc., 11 - mandrels for installing emery, wire, polishing wheels, 12 - cylindrical mandrel for pressing.

You can turn the machine into a circular saw using a simple U-shaped table bent from a steel or duralumin sheet 2 mm thick.

various household mechanisms: an engraving machine, a stirrer, a winding machine, a spinning wheel and even - to help the hostess - a meat grinder and shredder!

The base of the machine with a vertical feed mechanism can perform another “part-time job”: when replacing the spindle head with a simple cylindrical mandrel, a fairly powerful press is obtained, which is useful in assembly operations, and in gluing parts, and in curing.

But this is not limited to the list of possibilities of the machine. Simple devices make it possible to manufacture a shell mesh on it, to roll through simple and shaped rollers, or, when replacing rollers with circular knives, to cut sheet materials.

In addition, on the basis of this machine, an original design of a pantograph copying machine was created and tested in operation, which provides micro-milling of any profiles, inscriptions and images using a copier with a reduction scale from 1:1 to 1:50!

Authors: Yu.Orlov, R.May

We recommend interesting articles Section Home Workshop:

▪ Trammel

▪ Cuts friction

▪ Devices for grinding products

See other articles Section Home Workshop.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Microscope for examining the brain without opening the skull 30.09.2022

Korean scientists have invented a very unusual microscope. With it, you can create high-resolution XNUMXD images of a neural network without trepanation.

A new type of holographic microscope has been developed by a research team led by Choi Wonshik, deputy director of the Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics of the Institute of Basic Sciences, Professor Kim Moonseok from the Catholic University of Korea and Professor Choi Myunghwan from Seoul National University.

The novelty is based on holographic technology. Researchers have developed a way to better select singly scattered waves, using the fact that they have similar reflection shapes even when light hits from different angles.

At the same time, in their project, the specialists used a rather complicated algorithm, as well as a numerical operation that analyzes distortion and interference between different waves of light.

As a result, they got a microscope that captures more than 80 times more light energy on nerve fibers than before. This allowed them to examine the patient's brain in detail without resorting to opening his skull.

One of the authors, Choi Wonshik, stated: "For a long time, our Center has been developing ultra-deep bioimaging technology that uses physical principles. It is expected that this discovery will make a significant contribution to the development of biomedical research, including neuroscience and the field of precision research."

Other interesting news:

▪ New JVC camcorders use hard drives instead of film

▪ Microbes will make oil extraction more efficient

▪ natural refrigerator

▪ Worms against aging

▪ Leeches will help zoologists

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Big encyclopedia for children and adults. Selection of articles

▪ article A double-edged sword. Popular expression

▪ How was the United States of America formed? Detailed answer

▪ Article Marketer. Job description