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HOME WORKSHOP
Woodworking jointer and circular saw. home workshop
First, let me tell you about my hobby. I like to make things: to create with my own hands the things necessary in the house that increase comfort and decorate the home. I especially like working with wood - carpentry, carpentry. The desire to have in its use an "assistant" that speeds up the work and improves its quality, served as the main motive for the creation of the presented combined machine for the production of carpentry blanks, or, one might say, a woodworking mini-complex. My practical, albeit limited, experience with industrial machines, both woodworking and metal-cutting, proved to be very useful in the design and manufacture of this mini-complex. Now with its help it is possible to produce a variety of processing: sawing (both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fibers); planing; grinding and polishing, turning and drilling (and you never know what else - it's hard to list everything) wood products, and some operations even from metal. The mini-complex consists of two, in general, independent, machines (except that the first serves as a base or support for the second). The first is a circular saw with an electric jointer. The second is a lathe-drilling machine. Today we will talk about the first. Consider its device in more detail. But first of all, I note that it was designed, so to speak, according to the aggregate scheme (the jointer knives and the circular saw have a common drive and are fixed on one working shaft - the rotor). This solution allowed me to make the design more simple and technological, which undoubtedly affected the rational placement of the main components and assemblies. This machine has components both industrially manufactured and ordered by professionals and, of course, made by one's own hands. There are even unusual details, for example, the supporting part of the machine - the frame, is nothing more than "legs" from an old sewing machine. And she successfully fit into the overall design with virtually no alterations, or rather, the width of the planer table was adjusted to its appropriate size. The main parts of the bed (side rails, crossbars, spacers) were made from channel No. 5. Both designs: frame and bed are welded. The three-knife rotor installed on the machine with double-sided (double-edged) jointer knives, saw blades with carbide tips, and various kinds of devices make it possible to obtain high-quality lumber products. In planing (planing) mode, the width of the machined surface is 260 mm, and the depth of cut is up to 2 mm.
The rotor (or working shaft) is the most important, complex and critical part of the machine. In addition, it is common to jointer and circular. I made it (or rather, I ordered a turner, and then a milling machine) according to the drawings published in the article "Small, yes universal" by V. Avtukh from the Belarusian city of Grodno in the magazine "Modeler-Constructor" No. 11 for 2003. But since this detail is very important, and the publication was quite a long time ago, I will give a drawing of the rotor again, especially since I made some changes to it: for example, I lengthened the knives, and, accordingly, the rotor, seats (trunnions) for other bearings, etc. d. In the same issue of the magazine, I "peeped" the lifting mechanism of the "circular" table - by adjusting its height on the machine, replacing the circular saw with a suitable cutter (or with the same saw in one or more passes), you can select grooves, "quarters" and folds different sizes. The saw blade has a diameter of 300 mm and allows for a maximum cutting height (or groove depth) of up to 80 mm in one pass. Cutting the edges of the board at different angles is helped by a device mounted on the edge of the desktop of a circular saw. This sliding mechanism (I'll call it a sled) is very convenient when processing the end edges of the board. The reliability of this machine was tested in the process of creating another machine - a lathe. Working on its frame, for three hours in a row I cut longitudinal guide oblong holes (grooves) on the upper shelves of its channels using cutting wheels installed in place of the saw blade, and then polished them.
In the middle of the frame (half the length), a working shaft is installed, the bearing units of which are fixed to it with M20x1,5 bolts 70 mm long. The shaft is driven from the left side. If you look from the side of the worker's place, then the left side is the knife part of the planer head. On the right side there is a shaft neck with a diameter of 32 mm. Depending on the operation performed, it can be equipped with: a circular saw, a milling cutter, an emery, grinding or cutting wheel. Important! The tool mounting nut on the shaft has a right-hand thread. The working surface of the machine is formed from three steel plates (tables). Two plates are located on the sides of the planing rotor (shaft). The first is the receiving table, located closer to the carpenter, the second table is the outgoing one. Both tables are the same size. There is no special mechanism for adjusting the height relative to the cutting tool at the retracting table, and this operation is carried out as necessary with the help of steel spacers. Table tops are made of 5 mm thick steel sheet in the form of inverted trays (or gutters) mounted in frames of 45x45 angles and welded to them. The table of a circular saw, on the contrary, can be easily adjusted in height relative to the saw blade during operation using the built-in lifting mechanism. On the right side of the "circular" table, on a longitudinal guide, there is a mechanism with an angle setting scale, with which you can trim the ends of the boards, not only at a right angle, but also at any other angle. This mechanism is based on the corresponding device for a hand saw. I note that the described device is easily removed: removed or lowered down. The longitudinal guide is made of a steel pipe with a diameter of 17 mm, it is fastened with the help of eye brackets on the edges of the table of a circular saw. On the same side of the same table, by means of clamping bars, a guide bar made of a steel rolling angle 10x50 mm is attached to the table with M50 bolts. The distance between the saw blade and the bar determines the width of the workpiece to be cut. And the bar itself helps to maintain a given width along the entire length of the workpiece without marking the latter.
The rotor drive - the working (tool) shaft - is carried out by a two-strand V-belt transmission (although in practice I use only one belt) from a three-phase (380 V) 3 kW electric motor with a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. The engine is located at the very bottom inside the frame and is hinged on a suspended cantilever subframe, which made it possible to solve the problem of belt tension without an additional roller. To ensure high-quality processing of the material, the rotational speed of the working shaft was increased due to the accelerating V-belt transmission. At the drive, the diameter of the motor pulley is one and a half times larger than the diameter of the working shaft pulley, therefore, the knife rotor and the circular saw rotate at an angular speed of about 2250 rpm. The electric motor is powered through a four-wire cable, the wiring is made in accordance with all safety standards, the frame is grounded. In the event of a short circuit or overload, the starting machine is able to almost instantly turn off the power in automatic mode. After work, the machine should be de-energized, cleaned of sawdust and dust. The machine has been in operation for six years. I carry out routine maintenance: I inject bearing assemblies, check the serviceability of fastening the jointer knives, the condition of the teeth of the saw blade, inspect the drive V-belts and power cables of the machine. It would not be superfluous to recall that the machine belongs to the mechanisms of increased danger. Rotating parts and unused cutting tools must be covered with fixed covers. Working on the machine requires the utmost concentration of attention, compliance with safety regulations. Do not rush, do not apply force to speed up the process, work for your own pleasure. The carpenter's workplace should be well lit, the space around the machine should be sufficiently free, and the floor covering should not be slippery. Author: S.Yakishev
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Comments on the article: Nicholas The drawings are well done and of high quality. The design is simple and convenient.
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