California knot. Travel Tips

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California knot. Travel Tips

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California knot invented about thirty years ago by amateur anglers in California for tying hooks, swivels and weights to a nylon line. It is relatively simple, quite reliable, but not very compact.

Rice. 124. California knot

Author: Skryagin L.N.

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Purification of water from uranium using magnetic bacteria 20.05.2023

German researchers from the Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf have developed a water purification technology using magnetotactic bacteria. Microorganisms accumulate dissolved heavy metal in their cell walls, and a magnetic field is used to remove them from the water.

Nanoscopic magnetic crystals are formed inside the cells of magnetotactic microbes. Each individual magnetic crystal is enclosed in a protective membrane. Together they form a magnetosome, an organelle that bacteria use to navigate the Earth's magnetic field.

In their own experiments, the researchers showed that magnetotactic bacteria can survive at neutral pH even in aquatic solutions containing relatively high concentrations of uranium. At the same time, they bind this heavy metal in the cell walls and it does not penetrate into the cell and does not interact with the magnetosome.

This is an excellent basis for water purification associated with mining, the authors of the study say. The cell walls of magnetotactic bacteria are formed by a peptidoglycan layer, a macromolecule consisting of sugars and amino acids. It is in it that heavy metal particles are retained, while the magnetic properties of bacteria are preserved.

Due to their magnetic properties, such bacteria can be easily separated from water using magnets. This method can become an alternative to expensive traditional chemical treatments. Because these bacteria are low maintenance, cleaning can be done directly in surface water or by pumping water from underground mines where minerals are mined and directing it to a treatment plant.

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