Clouds of vertical development. Travel Tips

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Clouds of vertical development. Travel Tips

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Clouds of vertical development - cumulus clouds, having the form of isolated cloud masses, the vertical dimensions of which are commensurate with the horizontal ones. They are usually caused by thermal convection or frontal uplift, and can reach a height of 12 km.

Cumulus clouds (Cumulus, Cu) - dense, vertically developed clouds, have domed tops, a flat gray base and sharp outlines that are washed out by gusty winds. Some types of cumulus clouds - for example, flat cumulus clouds (Cumulus humilis) are relatively flat. They are located in the form of individual clouds or significant clusters covering the entire sky. The reason for the formation of cumulus clouds are powerful ascending air movements caused by uneven heating of the underlying surface (thermal convection). They are made up of water droplets, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. At a negative air temperature, the droplets pass into a supercooled state. Precipitation from cumulus clouds does not fall, occasional drops of rain may fall

good weather clouds

Some people compare it with sheep running across the sky, others say, but they look like pieces of cotton wool scattered across the sky, others see something completely different in them. These are the most variable clouds. The time of their existence is from 5 to 40 minutes. What they have in common is a flat base and specific sharp boundaries; fair weather clouds grow slightly vertically. Cloud tops determine the limit of air rising. However, under the right conditions, harmless fair weather clouds can gradually develop into growing cumulonimbus clouds associated with thunderstorms.

Fair weather clouds are supported by floating bubbles of hot air (meteorologists call them thermals) that rise up from the earth's surface. Once they rise above the level of condensation, the water vapor inside them cools down to form microscopic mist droplets. Young fair-weather clouds have sharply defined edges and bases, while the edges of older clouds are jagged and blurry. Vaporization along the cloud boundary cools the surrounding air, making it heavier, which causes the cloud to start descending (or falling). Clouds swirl precisely because of this.

Cumulus medium cloud (Cumulus mediocris) - the first stage of development of cumulus clouds. It is dense, with clear contours, rising into the sky in domes and towers. Its upper part sometimes seems swollen and convex, resembling a cauliflower. The vertical extent of the cloud is small - about 1000 meters. In temperate latitudes, it rarely gives precipitation.

cumulus powerful cloud (Cumulus congestus) Narrow, elongated towers of this cloud rise 3000-4000 meters or more above the level of condensation. In tropical areas and even at temperate latitudes in summer, especially if the clouds have formed in the masses of sea air, a powerful cumulus cloud can give localized short-term heavy precipitation.

Usually a powerful cumulus cloud is formed during the development of a cumulus medium cloud, representing its first stage, but sometimes it arises from a layer of cumulus clouds.

Cumulonimbus clouds (Cumulonimbus) - peaks reach the height of cirrus clouds (6-10 km), look like mountains or high towers. The dark base lies at an altitude of 0.5 km, and the tops are bright white. These clouds expand vertically much more than fair weather cumulus clouds. When the top reaches the height of cirrus clouds, it begins to smear, taking the form of an anvil. The cloud is formed from a cumulus powerful cloud when extreme air instability creates powerful updrafts that spread over several square kilometers.

They may exist as single cells or form a line of cells called squall lines. Supported by strong updrafts (sometimes over 50 knots), cumulonimbus cloud tops can easily rise to 12000 meters or more.

The lower levels of cumulonimbus clouds are mostly water droplets, while the higher levels, where temperatures are well below 0 degrees Celsius, are dominated by ice crystals.

The anvil of a cumulonimbus cloud is large. This is the king of clouds, forming (according to the international classification) the last stage of clouds of vertical development.

Cumulonimbus clouds always give heavy showers, sometimes with hail. Almost always, liquid water and ice crystals coexist in it, which causes powerful electrical phenomena. A cumulonimbus cloud is a natural electrostatic machine and is essentially a thundercloud.

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