Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - a complex of basic and specialized (medication, etc.) measures to revitalize the body. Survival depends on three main factors:

1. Early recognition of circulatory arrest.

2. Immediate start of major activities.

3. Calling the resuscitation team for specialized resuscitation.

The sequence of performing the main CPR measures:

1. Assess the scene of the accident in terms of safety for the responder.

2. Ascertain the absence of reactions to external stimuli (lack of consciousness).

3. Make sure that there is no external respiration and no pulse on the carotid artery.

4. Correctly lay the resuscitated on a hard, level surface below the level of the waist of the one who will perform the resuscitation.

5. Ensure the patency of the upper respiratory tract.

6. Apply a precordial blow (in case of sudden cardiac arrest: electrical injury, drowning, etc.).

7. Check for spontaneous breathing and pulse.

8. Call assistants and resuscitation team.

9. If there is no spontaneous breathing, start artificial lung ventilation (ALV) - perform two complete mouth-to-mouth exhalations.

10. Check for a pulse on the carotid artery (put two fingers on the carotid artery).

11. Start an indirect heart massage in combination with mechanical ventilation and continue them until the arrival of the resuscitation team.

When to stop resuscitation? Upon arrival of the resuscitation team or before the appearance of reliable signs of biological death.

Exceptions when it makes sense to continue CPR:

resuscitation of the child;
hypothermia (when it is impossible to ascertain death before active warming);
drowning (especially in cold water);
re-arrest of the heart after the restoration of cardiac activity.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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