Skin effect. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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The name of the effect comes from the English word skin - skin.
The effect consists in the attenuation of an alternating electromagnetic field in a conducting medium with distance from the boundary of the medium, which is due to the occurrence of Foucault induction currents
The high-frequency field in a massive conductor is concentrated in the near-boundary skin layer, the thickness of which is the smaller, the higher the conductivity of the conductor and the higher the frequency ω. The field strength decreases with depth according to the exponential law E=E0е−αx, where the damping constant α is determined by the formula:
α=(2πσµω)0,5/C,
where σ is the conductivity of the material, µ is the magnetic permeability, ω is the circular frequency, C is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic oscillations. The skin depth is defined as d=1/α. For example, for copper (σ=580 kS/cm, µ=1) at a frequency of 0,5 MHz, the skin depth is 7,4 microns. Therefore, high-frequency devices often use wires coated with a layer of silver (high-frequency current propagates only in this layer).
In ferromagnets, due to the high magnetic permeability, the depth of the skin layer is much smaller.
See other articles Section Electricity for beginners.
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