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Metabolism fast and slow

15.03.2021

Scientists at the University of Mississippi in the United States investigated the factors that affect the metabolic rate in the human body.

It is known that many people who complain about their metabolism mean that they are not burning enough calories. It is believed that the body of people with a fast metabolism spends more energy on certain physiological tasks, and with a slow one - less. The metabolic process is not as simple as it is commonly believed. There are many factors that affect the rate of metabolic processes.

Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that keep the human body alive. This process performs three main functions: the extraction of energy from food, the synthesis of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, and the release of metabolic products. All of these functions require energy. Calories expended on providing basic processes in the body are referred to as "basic metabolism". However, a person is not at rest all the time. Scientists say that about 65% of energy goes to the basic metabolism, while everything else goes to the state of activity: work, sports, hobbies, and so on. The average daily calorie intake for an adult is 35 kcal per kilogram of body weight.

Quite often there are people who have the same weight, but consume different amounts of calories. Science has several options for explaining this phenomenon. First, a person who consumes, for example, 30% more calories is likely to expend more energy on an active metabolism. This can be through sports, long walks, or active hobbies.

The second factor may be the state of health. The thyroid gland is one of the regulators of metabolic processes in the body. The more thyroxine is produced, the higher the metabolic rate will be. Body temperature also affects metabolism. An increase in temperature by 0,5 degrees Celsius speeds up metabolism by 7%. On the other hand, depression, lack of oxygen, prolonged fasting, and muscle wasting lead to a slowdown in metabolic processes.

The third important factor is body composition. The fact is that muscles are more metabolically active than adipose tissue, so a lot of energy is spent on their maintenance. Thus, to speed up the metabolism, a person needs to lead an active lifestyle and increase muscle mass in the body.

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