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Typhoon. Travel Tips
The word "cyclone" is of Greek origin: it means "snake ring", this emphasizes the circular rotation of air in a cyclone. The words "Hurricane" And "typhoon" in the languages of the aborigines of the Caribbean and Central America and, accordingly, the inhabitants of Southeast Asia means "strong wind" - a phenomenon especially characteristic of these huge vortices of tropical countries. Typhoons are usually called by human names. At first these were only women's names, but now that there were not enough of them, men's names were used. This tradition arose in the early 40s of the XX century. At first, it was an informal terminology among U.S. Air Force and Navy meteorologists, used to facilitate the exchange of information about hurricanes found on weather maps and to facilitate the transmission of such information when tracking the movement of hurricanes - it helped to avoid confusion and shortened the text of radio and telegraphic broadcasts. Subsequently, the assignment of female names to hurricanes became part of the system and was extended to other tropical cyclones - Pacific typhoons, storms of the Indian Ocean, Timor Sea and the north-west coast of Australia. The naming procedure itself had to be streamlined. Thus, the first hurricane of the year began to be called a female name, starting with the first letter of the alphabet, the second - with the second, etc. The names chosen were short, easy to pronounce and easy to remember. There was a list of 84 female names for typhoons. Since 1979, tropical cyclones began to be given male names. Most areas where tropical cyclones originate are located in the trade wind zone, between 10 and 20 degrees latitude in both hemispheres of the Earth over warm areas of the ocean surface, where water temperatures reach 28°C. Below 5° latitude, tropical cyclones do not occur - near the equator there is practically no deflecting force of the Earth's rotation, the influence of which is necessary for the stable circular movement of air characteristic of cyclones. On average, about 120 tropical cyclones occur on Earth per year. This figure would have seemed incredible even a quarter of a century ago: in the past, when there were no meteorological artificial satellites of the Earth, more than half of tropical cyclones remained unnoticed, since they arise mostly over the open ocean, where islands are only occasionally found and there is no developed network of meteorological stations recording every instance of their occurrence. An idea of the distribution of tropical cyclones over various parts of the oceans in both hemispheres of the Earth is given by a table, the data of which should be considered approximate - from year to year in different areas the frequency of tropical cyclones can fluctuate widely, although their total number annually remains approximately the same. Most often, tropical cyclones occur in early autumn or late summer, when the water temperature at the ocean surface is highest. They are rare in winter and practically never found in spring. Approximately the ratio between the number of tropical cyclones occurring in autumn, summer and winter can be expressed respectively by the numbers 20:10:1. In other words, tropical cyclones occur approximately twice as often in the fall as in the summer, and ten times less often in the winter than in the summer. There were a lot of tropical cyclones in the 80s. Thus, in 1980, during August and September 1980 alone, four cases of tropical cyclones were observed in the northern hemisphere and one case in the southern hemisphere, of which two were hurricanes in the Caribbean Sea and three were typhoons in the Pacific Ocean. Hurricane Alley occurred in early August off the coast of Haiti and Jamaica. The wind speed there reached 70 m/s. The second hurricane, Hermine, was observed on the 20th of September off the northern coast of Honduras, as well as off the coast of Mexico and Guatemala. The wind speed there reached 30 m/s. Typhoon Orchid originated in the western Pacific Ocean and swept over the Japanese Islands and South Korea on September 11-12, causing significant destruction and flooding there. The influence of this typhoon became noticeable a day later in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories and on Sakhalin. Heavy rains and wind were observed, with wind speeds in some places reaching hurricane speeds (33 m/s). About a month later, in mid-October, another typhoon came to the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku from the south, temporarily disrupting not only air but also railway communications. At the beginning of the third ten days of September, Typhoon Kay arose in the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean, in the center of which the wind speed reached 30-40 m/s. There were tropical cyclones in subsequent years, both in the northern and southern hemispheres. In particular, tropical cyclones Eilena, which struck the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean on January 10, 1983, and Andry, which caused great destruction on the northwestern coast of the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, were very destructive. 1985 was also a good year for tropical cyclones: in the South China Sea during the summer and autumn of this year, seven tropical cyclones - typhoons - occurred, causing catastrophic floods and human casualties in the coastal areas of Vietnam and China. One of the typhoons, Lee, penetrated far to the north onto the Korean Peninsula and, turning into an ordinary cyclone, brought with it heavy rains to the territory of Soviet Primorye in mid-August. Another typhoon on September 10-12 destroyed a third of the fruit harvest and caused damage to about 90% of the cultivated area on the Japanese island of Honshu. At the end of October, Typhoon Saling killed more than 60 residents of the island of Luzon in the Philippines and caused more than 700 million pesos in damage to the island's farms. Almost simultaneously, in the other hemisphere, in the Gulf of Mexico, another tropical cyclone arose - Hurricane Juan, which severely affected residents of several coastal US states, and a month later - Hurricane Kate, which caused floods and significant destruction in northern Cuba and the United States. Hurricane Kate's intensity and extent of damage caused. Cuba and the coast of the Florida peninsula turned out to be one of the most ferocious in the last 50 years; gusts of wind and ocean waves rushing onto the shore destroyed many thousands of houses, more than a million people had to be evacuated from disaster zones, and there were casualties.
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