Making pottery. Travel Tips

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Making pottery. Travel Tips

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Как make pottery?

How to determine that you are good clay? This can be done in two ways. To get started, take a piece and try to roll it into a thin sausage, if it rolls out to a diameter of 3-5 mm, then you are already close to what you need. Now take a bite and chew. If the teeth do not squeak and the substance in the mouth does not have a pronounced taste and smell, you have found a good clay. Take the sample home, dry it well in the air, and then ignite it in a fire. If after that it did not crumble and acquired a homogeneous, slightly rough structure at the break, this clay is suitable for making dishes.

First you need to prepare the clay. To do this, the raw lump is thoroughly kneaded, just as hard dough is kneaded. In this case, it is necessary to periodically knock on it with a fist. This is done so that the clay becomes homogeneous throughout the volume, all excess air is removed from it, which guarantees the quality of the resulting product. If the clay is too hard, you can add a little water. You can knead clay not only with your hands, but also with your feet, which is even easier. The result should be clay that doesn't stick to your hands, but isn't too dry or brittle either. To work using the potter's wheel, it is necessary to prepare the clay softer. But people mastered this technique much later, and we will do the same, having first considered the elementary technology for making pottery, which was used long before the invention of the potter's wheel.

The actual manufacture of dishes can be carried out in two main ways - from rolled flat pieces and from bundles, or some combination of them.

The clay is rolled out like pie dough on something flat, covered with a pre-moist rag, to a thickness of 5-7 mm, after which the dishes of the desired shape are formed from the resulting pancake by hand. It is good to make flat dishes in this way, such as plates or shallow bowls, or something very small, like a fat (oil) lamp.

For the manufacture of pots, cauldrons, jars, jugs, it is necessary to use a different technique.

Take a small piece of clay and roll out a tourniquet with a diameter of 0,5-0,7 mm from it, from which you will form the walls of the vessel, twisting the tourniquet into spirals. If the pan must have a flat bottom, proceed as described above, make a pancake and cut out a circle of the required size from it.

Laying it around the perimeter of the bottom with your right hand, with the thumb of your left hand, press on the surface of the tourniquet, achieving its strong adhesion to the bottom. Then the next tourniquet is rolled out. Since the surface of the product gradually dries up, for better adhesion of the next turn, it should be slightly moistened with water using a brush, a rag swab, a bunch of feathers.

The described operations are repeated until the end of modeling, i.e. until the capacity of the vessel is completely formed.

If you want to get a vessel with smooth changes in diameter, in the process of work, apply the coils with a slight deviation outward when expanding, and inward when narrowing. To give the product greater strength in the course of modeling, the bundles are smoothed out and leveled from the inside with a stack or hands moistened with water.

After forming the container, you can attach handles, legs, etc. which I do not advise you to do. For carrying, it is better to use wicker products, and put them on special stands or sand.

After finishing modeling, wrap your product in something that looks like a rag or newspaper and place it upside down on the table to dry for two days. Drying of the product should take place in natural conditions. At first, it is desirable that the bottom, and then the neck, dry out, so the vessel is placed in this way, only then the thing will be strong. If the raw product cannot be put on the neck, its upper part is wrapped with a damp cloth and dried in the position in which the thing was molded.

The product must dry to an air-dry state. If it is raw, it may burst during firing. Now the most important procedure - firing.

At the first firing within 2-3 hours it is necessary to slowly dial up the temperature of 300°C.

Until the process of sintering of clay particles has begun, the remaining moisture must be removed. The main thing is to prevent sudden temperature fluctuations and one-sided overheating of the product. Then we raise the temperature to 580 ° C, hold for 10-15 minutes, after 15 minutes we give a temperature of 900 ° C.

After that, we stop firing and let the products cool down quietly to a temperature of no more than 30 ° C, only then can the product be removed.

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