Clouds of the lower tier. Tourist tips

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Clouds of the lower tier. Tourist tips

Tourist tips

Layered clouds - height 0,05-2 km, are a continuous, uniform, gray, low-overhanging cover, usually give drizzling precipitation, can extend to the visible horizon.

Lower clouds mostly composed of water droplets, but when temperatures are low enough, such as in winter, these clouds can also contain ice particles and snow.

A variety of stratus clouds are broken-stratus (fraktostratuss) - strongly torn stratus with gaps.

Nimbostratus clouds (Nimbostratus) are similar to stratus but darker in color and accompanied by moderate rainfall. height 0,1-1,0 km.

The process of compaction and lowering of the base of the cloud layer, which occurs when cirrostratus clouds transform into thin high-stratus clouds and further into dense high-stratus ones, usually ends with the formation of a dark gray cover, to which rain and snow falling from it give a blurry and “wet” appearance.

These clouds are thick enough to cover the sun and moon. Sometimes it is even difficult to determine the location of the luminaries through them, and the entire cloud mass often seems to be evenly illuminated from the inside. As a rule, the base of the clouds, barely visible due to precipitation (rain or snow), is masked by lower, broken dark clouds that stand out clearly against a dark gray background. The formation of nimbostratus clouds occurs within about 10 hours and corresponds to the appearance of a mass of warm air, first at a high altitude (in the upper tier), which then, displacing cold air, descends below.

Stratus clouds (Stratus, St) - gray uniform clouds, reminiscent of fog raised above the ground. The lower surface is often broken, ragged. Usually they cover the entire sky, sometimes they can be observed in the form of broken cloud masses. The base of stratus clouds is located at an altitude of 100 to 700 meters, the thickness is 200-800 m; sometimes they merge with ground fog. There are several reasons for the formation of this form of clouds: cooling of relatively warm air as it moves over the cold surface of the earth; radiation cooling of the lower layer of air during the night or several days in a row; air humidification by precipitation from overlying clouds; condensation of water vapor in a relatively cold air mass over warm bodies of water, etc. Layered clouds consist of tiny droplets, at air temperatures below 0 ° C - supercooled. The microstructure is mainly droplet, sometimes mixed, very rarely crystalline. Precipitation does not usually fall; sometimes drizzle may fall in summer, light snow or snow grains in winter.

Stratocumulus clouds (Straticumulus) is a low, non-uniform layer of clouds, in the form of gray or white layers and ridges, almost always with a darker base, consisting of large rounded or rampart-shaped forms with lighter spaces between them (Sc opacus).

Usually stratocumulus clouds develop at an altitude of 0,3-1,5 km. Above 0.6 km, stratocumulus translucent clouds (Sc transcidus) of gray color with gaps form. They can give small, nasty rain, drizzle.

Stratocumulus clouds are closest to the earth and are essentially accumulations of cumulus, consisting of tiles, ridges, pebbles, crenellations and merged or non-merged elements. They form "cloud streets - rows", similar to a cluster of isolated cumulus clouds.

It is possible to list 10 different types of stratocumulus clouds, among which the most interesting is the vymeiform cloud.

In most cases, convective currents are directed from below upwards, and domes and bulges are in the upper part, and the lower base of the cloud lies at the level of condensation and is more or less even. But in cases where warm and humid air is superimposed on drier air, the opposite effect occurs and then “pockets” or “nipples” are formed, giving the name to a specific type of cloud - vymeobraznye.

Vymeobrazny clouds have a very ominous appearance, but in general they are harmless and do not mean the approach of a tornado. As a rule, vymeobraznye clouds appear after the passage of the tornado.

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