Air humidity. Travel Tips

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Air humidity. Travel Tips

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Air humidity is one of the most important parameters of the atmosphere, which determines the weather, as well as how comfortable a person feels at a given time.

The fact is that the presence of moisture in the air dramatically changes its thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Therefore, heat and cold in conditions of high humidity are much more difficult to bear. In winter, with high humidity, a person freezes more, and frostbite can occur already at + 4 ° C. In a hot, tropical climate, the sweat emitted by the human body, due to the high humidity of the air, cannot evaporate effectively and reduce body temperature. This leads to large water losses and a violation of the body's thermoregulation and overheating.

Humidity is determined by the amount of water vapor in it.

The source of moisture in the air is water evaporating from open water surfaces, land and plants. Moisture in the atmosphere can be in three states: gaseous - in the form of vapor, liquid - in the form of droplets of different sizes and solid - in the form of snow or hail.

There are two ways to quantify moisture:

Absolute humidity - mass of water vapor contained in a unit volume of air (kg/cm).

Relative humidity - the ratio of absolute humidity to its maximum value at a given temperature. At 100% relative humidity in the air, condensation of water vapor can occur with the formation of fog, water loss. The temperature at which this happens is called the dew point. Optimal humidity for humans is 40-60%.

A good example of the liquid and solid state of moisture in the atmosphere is clouds, consisting of tiny droplets of water, ice crystals, or a mixture of them. A necessary condition for the formation of clouds is the saturation of water vapor to the state of condensation (turning steam into water) or sublimation (turning steam into ice crystals, passing the liquid phase) and lowering the air temperature to a critical one. In addition, the so-called nuclei of condensation (or sublimation) must be in the air. Typically, such nuclei are salt crystals that are blown off the crests of sea waves by the wind, or microscopic dust raised from the surface of the earth, burning particles over production facilities.

Because over modern cities there is always more than enough dust and burning, the weather in cities is always worse than in the suburbs. This is especially evident in coastal cities.

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