Air temperature. Tourist tips

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Air temperature. Tourist tips

Tourist tips

Air temperature in the lower layers of the atmosphere is closely related to the temperature of the underlying surface - the earth or water, which receives the bulk of the thermal energy of the sun. The heat of the surface layers of air is transferred to the upper ones in two ways:

direct vertical mixing of the warm lower layers with the upper ones as a result of convection, i.e. when warm air rises and cooler air from upper or adjacent layers replaces it. Over the sea, convection intensifies at night, because. Due to the large heat capacity, the temperature of the water changes slightly and the air in the upper layers of the atmosphere cools quickly.

vortex-like, i.e. turbulent, erratic movement of air masses that carry heat in a variety of directions, which is observed during the onset of atmospheric fronts.

The air temperature depends on the state of the weather. With overcast clouds, temperature drops are much less than with clear skies. Temperatures tend to drop during and after rain. Among those people who know that the Earth is round, no one doubts the fact that it is warmer in the tropics than in temperate or high latitudes and at the poles.

Daily and annual temperature variation

Only the diurnal variation is of practical importance; change in temperature during the day in a certain area. Usually, the daily course of air temperature over the sea reaches a minimum 2-3 hours before sunrise, and a maximum - by 15-16 hours. On land, this process is less inertial and therefore shifted by 1-1,5 hours. Such a diurnal variation is typical only for stable weather. It is disturbed during heat exchange processes in the atmosphere, for example, when warm air masses are replaced by cold ones. In such cases, the nighttime temperature may be higher than the daytime temperature.

Daily amplitude of air temperature changes - the difference between the highest and lowest temperature per day depends on the cloudiness at which it decreases, and on the time of year. In the open seas and oceans, the daily amplitude is about 1,0-1,5 ° C, and in closed seas it can reach 10-15 ° C. In areas with a sharply continental climate, for example, in deserts, daily temperature fluctuations are maximum and can reach 30 ° C.

All this must be taken into account, because. the nature of the daily course is directly related to the weather. Thus, a violation of the correct daily temperature course portends a worsening of the weather, and with a sharp drop in daily temperature after a bad weather, one can expect an improvement in the weather.

The worsening of the weather can occur with an increase in temperature in the evening.

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