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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Caterpillar motorcycle. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air The presented design - a motorcycle on a half-track with a steering front wheel with a low-pressure tire and a drive caterpillar is designed for off-road driving, mainly in summer and off-season, in winter on snow (cover thickness up to 25 cm), as well as on ice and crust. The cross-country ability of a motorcycle, in principle, is "everywhere". The only exceptions are water barriers with a depth of more than 30 cm (floods the ignition system) and a swamp where a person gets stuck knee-deep. On a motorcycle, it is possible to transport cargo up to 30 kg, and on a trailer - up to 80 kg. in summer - on wheels (with wide-profile tires), in winter - on sledges. On the pages of the "Model Designer" there were descriptions of similar motorcycles, but they were mainly designed for movement in the snow, had many small-diameter rollers and, as a result, significant power losses and clogging of the caterpillar mover with moss and mud when driving through a swamp, and in winter " porridge" when driving on ice. Before that, I had various home-made wheeled motorcycles with large-diameter chamber wheels, with "UAZ" lightweight tires, with an additional drive to a side trailer, but somehow it was not possible to achieve high cross-country ability - either the specific pressure was high, then the dimensions were C the side trailer loses the ability to move along any path or directly through the forest, and its mass exceeds 140-150 kg, which is unacceptable for a motorcycle (for information - the presented version has a mass of 110 kg). Unfortunately, the lack of a light engine forced the use of a relatively heavy one - from an Ant cargo scooter, air-cooled. Engines from Minsk or Voskhod have low torque, are high-speed, do not have forced cooling, and therefore are unsuitable for working with a caterpillar mover The power unit was used unchanged, only the air intake of the fan was additionally closed with a perforated cover (to prevent leaves and grass from getting in) and a magneto was installed, although in the future it will be replaced with a non-contact system from the Vyatka scooter. Such a scheme was tested on a snowmobile and proved to be excellent. In addition to trouble-free starting, it is much lighter, does not require a relay-regulator and does not stick out from the side, which means it does not interfere with off-road driving. A motorcycle with a caterpillar drive in control differs little from a conventional road one, its maximum speed reaches 60 km / h, although this indicator is not very important when driving on country roads or forest paths.
Now about the design of the motorcycle-all-terrain vehicle. The frame is borrowed from the Voskhod motorcycle with brackets adapted to the "ant" motor and an elongated rear. To facilitate mounting of the engine, the front bracket is attached to the frame with two bolts instead of being welded like the other two.
The forks are made new, only the upper and lower bridges and the steering shaft with bearings are used from the Voskhod front fork. Segments of a rectangular thin-walled pipe are welded to the bridges, which form the upper and lower traverses, and the feathers of the front fork with the corresponding amplifier struts and jumpers are already welded to them. made of thin-walled chromansile (steel 30KhGSA) pipe. The direction of operation of the fork arc is chosen "for itself" (as is customary, for example, in aviation). Such a scheme, combined with a rather soft wide-profile lightweight wheel - pneumatic (pressure 0,2 - 0,3 atm) makes it possible to dampen shocks well and easily overcome even fallen trees on the way. The wheel is homemade. The rim is made of 6 mm wire, the discs are made of AMG-5 3 mm thick, the braces are made of 5 mm wire, the hub is made of the tubular body of an automobile hand pump, the axle is also tubular, lightweight. through the camera extension. The tire itself is bolted to the edges of the sidewalls of the disk with the sides. The used front (as well as the rear) shock absorbers from a moped are, of course, the "last century", but modern ones (from scooters or snowmobiles) lack finances. Together with the shock absorbers and the wheel axle, the fork forms a closed frame that works well for fracture and torsion . In general, it should be noted that great attention was paid to the optimal combination of strength and at the same time sufficient lightness, because in off-road conditions - the load is much greater than that of a road motorcycle, and if it breaks down from the wilderness, it is difficult to deliver it home! I’ll talk about the rear fork later, when it comes to the caterpillar mover. The need to ensure the required clearance, as well as to obtain optimal (rather low) revolutions of the drive wheel-roller of the caterpillar, forced the use of an intermediate chain gear-reducer in the transmission, for which there are corresponding brackets on the frame with grooves that allow tensioning the first stage chain (chain pitch - 12,7, 15,785 mm). The transmission of rotation from the gearbox to the drive wheel-skating rink of the caterpillar mover is also carried out by a chain from agricultural machines (pitch - XNUMX mm) This chain has a more significant resource in terms of pollution, compared to a motorcycle chain. As it became clear, the caterpillar mover consists of a caterpillar and two rollers - drive and tension wheels. Previously, between the wheels on both caterpillar tracks, there were two more supporting small idler rollers (see photo of the splash screen). But the operation has shown that a well-tight caterpillar with such a small distance between the wheels and without sloths holds the load well. The drive and tension wheels of the caterpillar mover are the same, from the Tulitsa scooter (or the like), and transverse grooves are cut on the drive tire (without touching the cord) to engage with the caterpillar lugs. Both wheels have independent suspensions. Each of them is installed in its own pendulum fork, articulated with the frame through silent blocks (from the Voskhod motorcycle). At the ends of the pendulum forks, grooves are provided for moving the wheels in order to tension the caterpillar, and they rest on the frame through the simplest shock absorbers (pipe to pipe, with springs from the Voskhod front fork), which causes a minimum of mass. The buildup does not occur due to the distribution of the load on the wheels of the caterpillar mover. Wheel disks are standard, but lightened by drilling. The hubs are inserted into the central holes of the discs and secured with welded spokes-struts made of 5 mm wire. For the hubs, a cylindrical housing from an automobile hand pump was used, its inner diameter just fits the 202nd bearing, and so that the latter (there are two of them in the hub) do not fall through, segments (rings) of a suitable pipe of smaller diameter are inserted inside and fixed through the holes in the hub electric rivets. Since the hub flange is flat and thin-walled, for rigidity on both sides it is reinforced with 5mm wire struts that distribute the load on the edges of the hub. The shaft of the front (drive) wheel of the caterpillar and the axle of the rear (tension) are made of a pipe with a diameter of 16x2,5 mm and the middle part is lightened (turned). Snow and dirt clog between the struts, so it is better to fill them with Macroflex and paint them. By the way, all niches and voids, including the inner cavity of the front wheel (controlled pneumatic), are also filled with foam. Protection of wheel bearings requires special attention - they work in conditions of intense pollution, so they must be well protected with covers or use bearings with protective washers. The track drive sprocket has two bearings on the sprocket side for durability, and the hub tube has additional pads on top to spread the load. The caterpillar is assembled from 2 strips of nylon cord tape and lugs made of 8 mm wire rod and reinforced in the middle part with another piece of the same wire. To connect with the strips of the grouser tape, segments of channels bent from a 4-mm sheet are welded to the latter, to which the caterpillar tapes are bolted.
I draw attention to the shape of the lug - it repeats the profile of the tire. The ends of the wire rod must have a bevel for the free entry of the drive wheel, and the welds must be carefully cleaned. Of course, the oval shape of the lugs also has "cons" - slipping of the caterpillar on compacted snow, as well as side sliding on ice due to the oval shape of the lugs, but this disadvantage is insignificant, more important is the ease of controlling the motorcycle on turns, for which this form of lugs was made. With a straight (flat) lug, it will be difficult to maintain balance, especially when cornering (checked!). The drive and idler wheels of the caterpillar block have newly made hubs - due to the significant mass of regular ones. Now about the "secondary" nodes. The fuel tank for 12 liters is welded by argon welding from a 1 mm aluminum sheet (AMG-2), it has partitions inside (otherwise, with a long length and low height of the tank, fuel is ejected into the drain).
The entire "facing" (sidewalls) and the front fender are also made of AMG-2. The headlight is plastic, installed for protection between the struts of the front fork. Windshield - also from AMG-2, removable, mounted on four lambs. The driver's seat is removable (its base is made of AMG-5 2,5 mm thick), under it there are two compartments, the walls of which are also made of light alloy sheet. The first one contains a relay-regulator, and the second one contains a tool. In the future, when switching to a thyristor ignition system, the compartment of the relay-regulator is supposed to be used as an air cleaner. The muffler at the outlet is made extremely compact of 1 mm steel, not collapsible, the noise level during engine operation is comparable to the exhaust of road motorcycles. Approximately twice a year it has to be burned from engine oil coking in it. All electrical equipment (generator, relay-regulator) is standard, as is the K-36G carburetor. In the future, it is planned to install a valve block (based on the materials of the "Model Designer"). Footboards - tubular, are removed back and up. The steering wheel is from Voskhod, but expanded by 150 mm due to the insert, the controls on it are the same as on road motorcycles. Behind the driver's seat there is a cargo platform, handles are welded to it on three sides for pulling the motorcycle out of the quagmire (and this sometimes happens!), They also serve as hooks for slinging the load. Under the trunk is a hitch. It was installed later, and, admittedly, not entirely successful (that's why I did not show this device on the drawing). It must be covered with a mudguard so that it does not get stuck with dirt. However, it is not worth raising the hitch high (you will have to make a long drawbar of the trailer).
As already mentioned, the voids under the seat (behind the tool compartment) and the trunk are filled with foam, in combination with the front wheel, they provide the unsinkability of the motorcycle, which is quite important in recent warm winters. Agree that this is still better than getting a motorcycle from the bottom of a pond. The front wheel is with a low-pressure tire made from a lightweight UAZ tire. The manufacturing method is described in the "Modeler-Constructor", but I note that it is not necessary to make a "checker" - the clutch is quite enough if you cut a shallow "Christmas tree" with a grinder. All transmission chains are covered with casings made of AMTs-2, which reduces their pollution and ensures the safety of the driver. The casing of the drive wheel chain is collapsible, to facilitate the removal of the wheel and the repair of the casing in the event of a breakdown (it happens when driving along a windbreak). From below, the casing was left open (so that snow or dirt did not linger in it), and the chain sagging at high speeds did not touch the bottom. Since a caterpillar motorcycle is an off-road vehicle, due to the complexity of the design, it did not begin to equip it with brakes, and there is no particular need for them. I make planned stops by gradually reducing the speed due to friction in the transmission (you can also slow down with your foot - the speed is not high). Emergency braking is carried out by the engine - I sharply release the gas or turn off the ignition (the latter method was used only as a training). Author: A.Koksharov
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