All-terrain vehicle-pneumatic vehicle. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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All-terrain vehicle-pneumatic vehicle. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

In the taiga regions it is not easy to do without a cross-country vehicle. Therefore, all-terrain vehicles are always held in high esteem by us. For example, I drive mine both in summer and in winter. And it helps not only me. Once I went ice fishing. A steep bank about two meters high from the side of the river was covered with snow, a kind of descent was formed. My car moved freely in this place onto the ice, where the snow depth was more than half a meter, and moved on.

After fishing, I returned on my trail. Having reached the cliff, I saw the "Niva" thoroughly stuck there. The driver and passenger dug it out, trying to free it from snow captivity. It turned out that the driver, seeing a wide track, thought that a large and heavy car had left it, and moved along the trail ... My all-terrain vehicle pushed the snow to a depth of only 10 cm. The Niva immediately fell through the bottom.

Both I and my all-terrain vehicle had to help pull it out.

The all-terrain vehicle is a design with a "breaking" frame. On the front of the frame, conditionally called the motor, there is a power plant and a control cabin.

The power plant includes a 26 hp engine. and a working volume of 746 cm3 from the K-750 motorcycle, the clutch mechanism and starter - from ZAZ-965A, the generator and gearbox - from VAZ-2101.

The engine has been slightly modified. Firstly, it is equipped with a forced air cooling system - an extension cord with a two-strand pulley is put on the crankshaft in front. From it, the rotation is transmitted by belts to two fan impellers that blow over each cylinder of the engine, as well as to the generator.

Secondly, it is equipped with a fuel pump from ZAZ-965A, which is located on the cover of the oil pump drive and is attached to its shaft. Fuel is supplied from a tank with a capacity of 30 liters, suspended under the body frame behind the rear axle.

Thirdly, a K-127 carburetor and a ZAZ-965A air filter were installed.

And, finally, fourthly, the ring gear is mounted on the flywheel through an adapter, and the clutch disc hub is replaced with a Zhiguli one.

Technical data of the all-terrain vehicle:

Length, mm............4180
Width, mm...................1820
Height, mm .............. 1820
Base, mm .............. 2255
Ground clearance, mm .................. 400
Dry weight, kg .............. 610
Load capacity, kg ..................450
Maximum speed with driver and passenger, km/h .................................45
Fuel consumption, l per 100 km .............. 18
Brakes: working ................. hydraulic, with all-wheel drive
parking ................... mechanical, tape

General view of the all-terrain vehicle (click to enlarge)

The layout of the all-terrain vehicle (click to enlarge): 1 - cabin (folding part); 2 - steering wheel (from a ZAZ-965A car, steering column - from a VAZ-2101); 3 - gearbox (from VAZ-2101); 4 - battery; 5 - starter (from ZAZ-965A); 6 - air filter (from ZAZ-968, conditionally not shown) and carburetor (from ZAZ-965A); 7 - gasoline pump (from ZAZ-965A); 8 - engine hood; 9 - headlight (2 pcs.); 10 - engine (from the K-750 motorcycle); 11 - fan impeller (2 pcs.); 12 - sidelights (2 pcs.); 13 - belt drive (2 pcs.); 14 - motor frame; 15 - front bumper bracket (2 pcs.); 16 - generator (from VAZ-2101); 17 - steering mechanism (from VAZ-2101); 18 - brackets and earrings of springs; 19 - springs (from "Moskvich-412"); 20 - clutch mechanism (from ZAZ-965A); 21 - bridges (rear axles from Moskvich-412 cars); 22,23,28 - cardan shafts; 24 - transfer box; 25 - hinge assembly; 26 - hand brake drive; 27 - frame of the lower part of the cab; 29 - fuel tank (capacity 30 l); 30 - body frame; 31-towing eye; 32 - a block of rear lights (2 pcs.); 33 - frame of the lamp block (2 pcs.); 34 - body frame; 35 - body; 36 - shock absorber (rear from "Moskvich-412", 4 pcs.); 37 - shock absorber mounting pin (4 pcs.).

All-terrain vehicle control scheme (click to enlarge): 1 - steering gear worm shaft; 2 - steering mechanism; 3 - bipod steering: 4 - intermediate thrust; 5 - rocking chair; 6 - adjustable traction; 7 - lever of the rear fork of the hinge assembly

Motor and body frames (click to enlarge): 1 - corner lines (corner 15x15x2); 2 - brackets of springs (under the earring); 3 - engine mounting bracket (2 pcs.); 4 - wing arches (pipe 25x25,4 pieces); 5 - wing struts (pipe 25x25,4 pieces); 6 - shock absorber pin mounting bracket (steel, sheet s3, 4 pcs.); 7 - bandage (steel, strip 20x3, 4 pcs.); 8 - spars (pipe 50x2,5, 4 pcs.); 9 - spring brackets (under the finger); 10,11 - struts of the hinge assembly (pipe 22x3); 12,20 - halves of the rear bumper (pipe 22x3); 13 - towing eye (steel, bar Ø12); 14,15 - wing supports (pipe 25x25,8 pieces); 16 - cross member (pipe 50x25,6 pieces); 17 - scarf (steel, sheet s3, 24 pieces); 18 - ends (pipe 50x25); 19 - spacers (steel, sheet sZ); 21 - strut of the towing eye (pipe 22x3,2 pieces); 22 - shelf (steel, sheet sЗ); 23 - engine beams, support (pipe 50x25); 24 - brace (pipe 50x25); 25 - socket for rubber bushings of the spring ears (4 pcs.); 26 - shock absorber pin M12x1,25.

The power plant is covered with a hood made of 0,7 mm thick galvanized steel sheet. Cooling air access - from the front through the lattice cladding. The frame of the hood is combined with the frame of the bottom of the cabin and is made of pipes with a section of 25x25 mm and an angle 25x25.

The top of the cabin, designed for two people, for landing the driver and passenger leans back on the hood and is held in this position by two shock absorbers from the "third" door of the Niva.

The cabin is equipped with rear-view mirrors, "wipers" (they are not yet in the photo), a home-made dashboard and is insulated - warm air comes from the muffler. Sheathing is also made of galvanized steel. The front glass is from a SZA motorized stroller, the right one is "Zaporozhye", the left one with a sliding window and the rear one is home-made (made of plexiglass).

On the back of the frame, conventionally called the body, is installed, of course, a body with an entrance through the rear door. In the construction of its walls, the same pipes with a section of 25x25 mm, galvanized steel and plexiglass were used; the top is made from the roof of an old VAZ-2102, and the bottom is made from varnished plywood 12 mm thick.

The body can carry passengers or cargo weighing up to 300 kg.

Both parts of the frame of the all-terrain vehicle are made and welded from water and gas pipes with a diameter of 50x2,5 and 22x3 mm, as well as pipes with a cross section of 50x25 and 25x25 mm. The design of these parts is shown in a simplified form in the figure and does not need special explanations.

The chassis of the all-terrain vehicle is from two Moskvich-412: axles (rear) with overcooked spring seats (the distance between them is reduced), the springs themselves with fastening parts, earrings and stepladder pads, rear hydraulic shock absorbers. Thanks to this combination, the ride of the car turned out to be so soft that the maximum amplitude of suspension oscillations had to be limited by belt loops worn on the wing racks and bridges.

Transfer case (click to enlarge): 1,13,41 - flanges; 2 - nut M14x1,5; 3 - primary shaft; 4,28 - cuffs 42x25x10; 5,10,21,22,27,35 - bearing housings; 6,20,25 - bearings 204; 7,9,19,23 - spacer bushings; 8 - input shaft gear (z = 15, m = 3); 11,38 - bearings 205; 12,42 - cuffs 55x36x10; 14 - hand brake drive; 15 - hand brake drum; 16,40 - nuts M18x1,5; 17,18 - gears of the intermediate shaft (r = 32, t = 3 and z = 19, m = 3,5); 24 - intermediate shaft; 26,37 - bearings 207; 29 - transmission shaft; 30 - differential; 31 - gear wheel (z = 46, m = 3,5); 32 - transfer box housing; 33 - M8 bolts for fastening the housing cover (along the perimeter of the cover, pitch 45 mm); 34 - housing cover; 36 - M6 bolt for fastening the bearing housing (total 34 pieces); 39 - front axle drive shaft; 43 - anther.

Hinge assembly (click to enlarge): 1 - transmission shaft; 2 - transfer box; 3,7 - scarves for fastening the front fork to the engine frame; 4 - front fork; 5,30 - bearings 205; 6 - screw M6 (12 pcs.); 8 - hinge flange, front; 9 - fork of the universal joint (2 pcs.); 10 - cross (2 pcs.); 11 - connecting earring (2 pcs.); 12 - needle bearing 4074106 (2 pcs.); 13 - thrust bearing 8207; 14 - screw M8 (turnkey, 24 pcs.); 15 - hinge pin (2 pcs.); 16 - oiler (3 pcs.); 17 - hinge flange, rear; 18 - rear fork; 19,24 - scarves for attaching the clip to the body frame; 20 - bearing 305; 21 - rear axle drive shaft; 22 - clip; 23 - plain bearing (cast iron, pipe 120x6); 25 - end cap; 26 - screw M8 (6 pcs.); 27 - output flange; 28 - nut M18x1,5; 29 - stuffing box ring 48x35x5,0; 31 - body frame; 32 - motor frame.

Wheel (click to enlarge): 1 - disk (from VAZ-2101, cropped); 2 - knitting needle (steel, strip 50x5, 8 pcs.); 3 - rim (pipe 22x3, 2 pcs.); 4 - bandage (belt 50x5, 16 pieces); 5 - protector (conveyor belt 270x5); 6 - external camera (1065x457x420); 7 - nut M8 (64 pcs.); 8 - loop (bar Ø8, 32 pieces); 9 - lodgment (pipe 22x3, 8 pcs.); 10 - M8 bolt (64 pieces); 11 - washer (64 pieces); 12 - internal chamber (1120x450x380); 13 - adapter (steel, sheet s5).

The all-terrain vehicle is controlled like a normal car. The "steering wheel" of the steering wheel is from the "Zaporozhets", the column and steering gear are from the "Zhiguli". The only difference is that the impulse from the steering mechanism is not transmitted to the front wheels, but through additional elements (rocking chair and adjustable traction) - a hinge assembly that "breaks" the frame. I would not say that this requires increased effort by the driver. However, on a long journey, the hands get tired. In order to reduce the load on them, I am going to eventually introduce a power hydraulic cylinder with a spool device into the control system.

Lighting and signaling on the all-terrain vehicle are also automotive. There are headlights, sidelights, parking lights, "turn signals" and reflectors.

Pedal operated brake on all wheels - hydraulic. Hand parking brake - mechanical, acting on the drum attached to the flange of the input shaft "razdatki".

The transfer case (RK) is self-made and rather original, since a differential (from Moskvich-412) is included in its design. The body of this box has a simple shape (parallelepiped), so its drawing is not given here. All RK shafts are machined from axle shafts of old trucks, while gears and a gear wheel are cut from 40X steel billets. Both are hardened to HRC 46-50.

The "razdatka" is attached to the motor frame with four M10 bolts. It is connected to the gearbox (gearbox) by a cardan shaft (later I introduced a rubber clutch here). To the input shaft, as was said, the hand brake drum is attached. I will only add that the drum is made of a water pipe with a diameter of 6 inches.

The transfer box (RK) with the front axle of the all-terrain vehicle, and the articulated unit (SHU) with the rear are connected by cardan shafts assembled from the same shafts of various cars. Between themselves, the RK and SHU are connected by a transfer shaft - a modified semi-axle of the ZIL car.

The hinge assembly is also homemade. It consists of forks - front and rear, welded from parts of various configurations. Forks can also be made directly from corners of suitable sizes, as I had in the first version of the assembly. The design of the SHU is depicted, I think, in some detail, I will not dwell on it. Let me just say that the sliding bearing of the hinge is best made from a cast-iron cylinder liner of a truck engine. It is lubricated with "CIATIM-201" through an oiler with a syringe. The rest of the bearings are filled with grease once every three years.

Forks of cardan joints and crosses for SHU were taken from "Moskvich-402", splined connections - from a KamAZ car.

The assembly halves are welded to the motor and body frames using four transverse trapezoidal gussets made of 3 mm thick steel sheet, put on two by two on the cylindrical parts of the halves. In addition, for a more uniform transfer of loads to the frames, the fastening of the SHU is reinforced with four struts from a 22x3 pipe.

The wheels of the all-terrain vehicle have a diameter of 1060 mm. The disc of each wheel is cut out of "Zhiguli" and a rim of 50x5 mm pipe is welded to it on eight short spokes from a 22x3 steel strip.

The middle of the disk is cut out, and an adapter is welded into the resulting window - a washer made of a 5 mm thick steel sheet with one central and five radial holes for the wheel studs. By the way, regular M12 studs are replaced by M14 here.

Chambers inserted one into the other were used as pneumatics; inner - 1120x450x380 in size (from the aircraft landing gear) and outer - 1065x457x420 mm in size (from the GAZ-66 car or tractor trolley). A protector is put on each pneumatic teak - a ring made of a conveyor belt 270 wide and 5 mm thick, pulled to the rim loops by belts.

Wheels of this design allow the all-terrain vehicle to easily move over almost any arable land, mud or swamp. Even in snow up to 70 cm deep, it does not get stuck. And it does not slip on bare ice, although there is no blocking of the wheels, thanks to the spikes from the bolts connecting the protector to the belts. In principle, the all-terrain vehicle could also float if the front wheels were doubled.

The most significant drawback of my car is that it has increased fuel consumption. However, it can be eliminated by slightly increasing the engine power.

Author: B.Ryzhov

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