Automobile universal trailer. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Automobile universal trailer. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

We only managed to discuss the idea of the design with my father, and then in general terms. Therefore, I myself had to find out the requirements for how the trailer should meet in order to calmly register with the traffic police, to be interested in how mass-produced trailers are arranged and what home-made ones have done in this area. As a result of the search, I came to the conclusion that the simplest and cheapest to manufacture would be a design with a welded frame made of round thin-walled steel pipes and a spring suspension of the bridge with additional hydraulic shock absorbers that act as dampers for transverse vibrations.

This is the way I went. I welded a frame with a drawbar from pipes. The drawbar is made of a larger diameter pipe and consists of three parts: a standard drawbar, an extension used when transporting the boat, and the drawbar itself, reinforced with struts. The connecting flanges are completely identical in geometry to the flange of the coupling device. They are welded to the inserts, which are fixed in the pipes against axial movement and rotation with two M12 bolts each.

The rear of the frame is equipped with a retractable bumper with all the necessary lighting equipment and a license plate holder. During the transportation of the boat, the bumper is carried out beyond the transom board and is clearly visible to the drivers of the following vehicles. The telescopic bumper guides are mounted in the longitudinal beams of the frame with M6 bolts.

Automobile universal trailer (shown in an unloaded state) (click to enlarge): 1 - towing device (standard); 2 - rack bushings (St3, pipe 33,5x2,8); 3 - stand of the nasal lodgement (St3, pipe 21,3x2,8); 4 - lodgements (St3, sheet s2 plus rubber); 5 - brace of the nasal lodgement (St3, pipe 21,3x2,8); 6 - drawbar extension (St3, pipe 57x3); 7 - drawbar (St3, pipe 57x3); 8 - body; 9 - bottom lodgment gaskets (rubber s10); 10 - wings (D16T, sheet s2); 11 - bumper guide (St3, pipe 33,5x3,2); 12 - handrail (St3, bar 08); 13 block of signal lights, right; 14 - spring bracket (St3, strip b5); 15 - earring (St3, stripe 50x9); 16 - M16 bolts; 17 - spring (from "Moskvich-412"); 18 - wheel (from VAZ-2101); 19 - gaskets (St3, sheet s5); 20 - stepladder (steel 45, bar O11); 21 - shock absorbers (from VA-2101); 22 - license plate; 23 - rack (St3, pipe 21,3x2,8); 24 - brace drawbar (St3, corner 25x25); 25 - longitudinal beam (St3, pipe 42,3x3,2); 26 - transverse beams (St3, pipe 42,3x3,2); 27 - license plate light (from UAZ-469); 28 - bumper (St3, corner 35x35); 29 - M12 bolt (3 pcs.); 30 - flanges (St3, sheet s10); 31 - axle of the bridge (steel 45, pipe 48x3); 32 - stepladder coupler (St3, sheet v8); 33 - bottom lodgement (St3, pipe 52x27x2); 34 - insert (St3, pipe 50x3); 35 - shock absorber bushing; 36 - washer; 37 - shock absorber mounting eye (St3, strip 50x6); 38 - shock absorber fingers (M12 bolts); 39 - lodgement stand (St3, sheet s2); 40 - rack support (St3, pipe 48x2); 41 - stepladder of the lock (St3, bar Ø6); 42 - plank (St3, sheet s5).

Car universal trailer
Wheel bearing assembly: 1 - wheel disk: 2 - centering pin; 3, 12 - anthers; 4 - nut M24 (M24 left); 5 washer; 6 bolt M12; 7 bearing 7605; 8 - hub (steel 45). 9 - bearing 7606; 10 - axis of the bridge; 11 - trunnion (steel 45)

The boat on the trailer is installed on the bow lodgements located on the drawbar extension, and the main ones attached to the front and rear cross beams of the frame with easily removable locks. (By the way, the body is connected to the frame in the same way.) Finally, the boat is attracted to the lodgements with special straps.

The wheel axle is a tubular axle in which trunnions are tightly planted. Wheel hubs are put on them through roller tapered single-row bearings of two standard sizes. Bearing units are protected on both sides with anthers. The bridge is suspended from the longitudinal beams of the frame with the help of "Moscow" five-leaf springs. On motor vehicles and most trailers that I have seen, the axles of their axles pass over the springs, which is probably done to reduce the height of the center of gravity of the trailer-load system. Ours is under the springs. This was done on the basis that the "Kazanka" is a very light boat and the position of its center of gravity will not significantly affect the stability of the trailer. At the same time, the raised longitudinal axle (it is also the drawbar axle), even when the trailer is fully loaded, will be located horizontally at the same height as the tractor hitch and, when braking, will not create an effort that raises the "rear" of the car. Operation fully confirmed these calculations - when driving, the presence of a trailer is almost not felt.

Specifications:

Curb weight, kg .............. 100
Weight of transported cargo, kg .................500
Load on the ball joint of the coupling device, kg .......... 30
Trailer dimensions, mm: length max. with boat drawbar .................. 5040
with drawbar for body .......... 3365
width................. 1520
gauge................. 1360
Body dimensions, mm: length ................. 1900
width................. 1150
height.................300

Failure befell us only once - the shock absorber rod broke. I analyzed the breakdown and found a design error: the shock absorber did not have at least a slight forward inclination. And should. For during the operation of the spring, the angles of the relative position of the shock absorber and its fingers will change within the limits determined by the elasticity of the rubber bushings. Indeed, this is done on all combined (elliptical springs plus hydraulic shock absorbers) suspensions.

As for the body structure, it is made according to the classical scheme, where the basis is a frame with racks made of rectangular pipes sheathed with duralumin sheets.

Author: D. Pekarev

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