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The deadly harm of electronic cigarettes

17.09.2018

When using e-cigarettes, a significant proportion of cancer-causing chemicals are deposited in the lungs, scientists from the University of Nevada and the Desert Research Institute have concluded.

During the experiment, experts analyzed the concentration in the body of 12 people before and after using electronic cigarettes of aldehydes, dangerous toxins, some of which cause cancer.
Scientists compared the level of toxins in the smoke from an electronic cigarette and in the air exhaled by the participants in the experiment during smoking.

According to the results of the experiment, it was possible to establish that the average concentration of aldehydes in the exhaled air is ten and a half times higher after a session of smoking electronic cigarettes than before it.

The scientists also found that the concentration of hazardous substances such as formaldehyde in the exhaled air is hundreds of times lower than in the smoke of an electronic cigarette, which indicates the deposition of a significant amount of this substance in the human body. The experiment demonstrated the potential harm of e-cigarettes due to aldehydes in their smoke, the researchers concluded.

Previously, scientists have said that the use of electronic cigarettes increases the risk of developing oral cancer about as much as smoking regular cigarettes.

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Class D amplifier with 240W output power and 0,1% distortion 14.03.2006

Texas Instruments and the Technical University of Denmark have developed a Class-D (Class-D) amplifier with 240W output power and less than I/O distortion.

A TI spokesman said that "this is the best known product of its kind, and the output power level is unprecedented for monolithic output stages." To achieve low THD, an open-loop feedback was used, which is preferable to closed-loop, which cannot easily be added to an all-digital signal path.

The amplifier is built on n-channel horizontal (lateral) DMOS transistors, which are used both in the output stages and in the pre-amp stages. Distortions initially affect the timing and electrical characteristics of the prestages. Reduced distortion is achieved by optimizing the size of the transistors of the preliminary and output stages.

The amplifier is manufactured using a 0,4 µm/1,8 µm high voltage BiCMOS process with two aluminum plating layers and one copper layer.

Each half-bridge uses three pins for VDD ground and output, each of which is connected to the crystal by a stranded wire. Two half-bridges are placed on the chip, each of which provides an output current of up to +18 A and a power of up to 244 W at a load of 4 ohms in bridge mode.

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