Sealed nickel-cadmium batteries. reference Information

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2.2.2. Sealed nickel-cadmium batteries

Batteries and accumulators

A special group of nickel-cadmium batteries are sealed batteries. The oxygen released at the end of the charge oxidizes the cadmium, so the pressure in the battery does not increase. The rate of oxygen formation should be low, so the battery is charged with a relatively small current.

Sealed batteries are divided into disk (designation D), cylindrical (designation C) and rectangular (designation KNG). Sealed batteries are used for hearing aids, small radios, tape recorders, photo-cinema equipment, flashlights, etc. Warranty period of storage of batteries D-0,125 - 15 months, D-0,26 - 6 months, batteries 7D-0,125 - 14 months. The warranty period for batteries D-0,125 is 14 months, D-0,26 - 12 months, and batteries 7D-0,125 - 15 months. The operating time of disk batteries is up to 400 cycles, of cylindrical batteries - from 100 to 1000 cycles, depending on operating conditions.

Sealed rectangular nickel-cadmium batteries are produced with negative non-cermet electrodes made of cadmium oxide (KNGK type) or with ceramic-metal cadmium electrodes (KNG type).

You can discharge sealed batteries instantly (pulse mode), within a few seconds (starter mode) and slowly - within 10 ... 15 hours (long mode). The average discharge voltage in these modes is respectively: 1,1...1,12; 1,16...1,18; and 1,22 ... 1,25 V. At the end of the discharge, the voltage is 0,9 ... 1,1 V.

The nominal capacity of the manufactured batteries is within 0,03...50 Ah, specific energy is 16...23 Wh/kg and 45...63 kWh/m3. During storage, a charged battery self-discharges (20 ... 30% for the first 10 days). The operating temperature range for sealed batteries is considered to be between 10 and 50°C. At -10oC, the battery capacity decreases by 20...30% compared to the capacity at 30...40°C. Sealed batteries have a shorter lifespan than regular nickel-cadmium batteries.

The internal resistance of sealed batteries is very low. For example, for a D-0,125 battery at a frequency of f = 25 Hz, it is 0,5 Ohm at f = 800 Hz - 0,4 Ohm and at f = 4000 Hz - 0,32 Ohm. As the capacitance increases, the internal resistance decreases. With a capacity of 1,5 Ah, the internal resistance of a sealed battery is 0,015 ohms. As the battery discharges, the internal resistance increases. Batteries from Varta concern are made using a new nickel-hydride technology and are marked on the Ni/MH label.

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