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Batteries and accumulators. Terms and Definitions

Batteries and accumulators

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Russian terms

The anode is the positive terminal of the battery.
Battery - two or more cells connected in series and/or in parallel to provide the required voltage and current.
Internal resistance is the resistance to current flow through the element, measured in ohms. Sometimes called internal impedance.
Energy yield is the capacity consumption multiplied by the average voltage over the battery discharge time, expressed in Watt-hours (Wh).
Capacity - the amount of electrical energy that a battery releases under certain discharge conditions, expressed in ampere-hours (Ah) or coulombs (1 Ah = 3600 C).
Charge - electrical energy transferred to an element in order to be converted into stored chemical energy.
The cathode is the negative terminal of the battery.
Trickle charging is a method in which direct current is used to bring the battery to a fully charged state and maintain it in this state.
Cut-off voltage is the minimum voltage at which a battery is capable of delivering usable energy under certain discharge conditions.
Open circuit voltage - voltage at the external battery terminals in the absence of current selection.
Rated voltage - the voltage on a fully charged battery when it is discharged at a very low rate.
Floating charge is a method of maintaining a rechargeable battery in a fully charged state by applying a selected constant voltage to compensate for various losses in it.
Energy density - the ratio of the energy of an element to its mass or volume, expressed in watt-hours per unit mass or volume.
Polarization - voltage drop caused by changes in the chemical compositions of the components of the elements (the difference between the open circuit voltage and the voltage at any moment of the discharge).
Discharge - the consumption of electrical energy from an element to an external circuit. Deep discharge is a state in which almost all of the cell's capacity has been used up.
A shallow discharge is a discharge in which a small part of the total capacity is used up.
Separator - material used to isolate the electrodes from each other. It sometimes retains electrolyte in dry cells.
Shelf life is the period of time during which an element stored under normal conditions (20°C) retains 90% of its original capacity.
Stability - voltage uniformity at which the battery gives energy during the full discharge mode.
An element is a basic unit capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of positive and negative electrodes immersed in a common electrolyte.
An electrode is a conductive material capable of producing current carriers when reacting with an electrolyte.
An electrolyte is a material that conducts charge carriers in a cell.
A cycle is one sequence of charge and discharge of an element.

English terms

A battery - glow battery
acid storage battery - acid (lead) batteries
air battery - air-metal element
alkaline battery - (primary) alkaline battery
alkaline battery - alkaline manganese-zinc cell
alkaline dry battery - dry mercury-zinc cell
alkaline dry battery - dry alkaline cell
alkaline manganese battery - alkaline manganese-zinc cell
alkaline storage battery
alkaline storage battery
anode battery - anode battery
Battery - anode battery
bansen battery - (nitro-acid-zinc) Bunsen cell
bag-type battery - cup (primary) element with a chrysalis
balancing battery - buffer battery
battery
bias battery - bias battery element, grid battery element
biasing battery - bias battery, grid battery
bichromate battery - (primary) element with a dichromate solution
buffer battery
bypass battery - buffer battery
C battery - bias battery, grid battery
Clark battery - (mercury-zinc) Clark cell
cadmium normal battery - (mercury cadmium) normal Weston cell
cadmium-silver-oxide battery - cadmium oxide galvanic cell
carbon battery - (primary) element with a carbon electrode
carbon-zinc battery - (dry) cell with zinc anode and carbon cathode
cell - element, cell, galvanic cell (primary cell, accumulator or fuel cell)
chemical battery - a battery of chemical current sources
chargeable battery - rechargeable element
cooper-zinc battery - copper-zinc cell
counter (electromotive) battery
Daniel battery - (copper-zinc) Daniel cell
decomposition battery - element with (side) reaction of electrolytic decomposition
dichromate battery - (primary) cell with a dichromate solution
displacement battery - cell with (side) electrolytic substitution reaction
divalent silver oxide battery - an element with the oxidation of silver to a divalent state
double-fluid battery - two-fluid cell
drum storage - nickel-zinc battery
dry battery - dry cell
dry battery - dry battery
dry-charged battery - a battery of dry-charged batteries
dry-charged battery - dry-charged battery
Edison battery - nickel-iron battery
electric battery - galvanic battery (battery of primary cells, accumulators or fuel cells)
electric battery - galvanic cell (primary cell), accumulator or fuel cell
emergency batteries - emergency batteries
emergency battery - emergency battery
end batteries - spare batteries
Faraday battery - Faraday cell
Faure storage battery - pasted plate battery
filament battery - filament battery
floating battery - spare battery (connected in parallel with the main battery)
Grenet battery - (dichromate-zinc) Grenet cell
galvanic battery - electrochemical cell in galvanic cell mode
grid battery - grid battery, bias battery
grid-bias battery - bias battery, grid battery
Lalande battery - (alkaline copper-zinc oxide) Lalande cell
Leclanche battery - (manganese-zinc) Leclanche cell
lead (-acid) battery - acid (lead) battery
lead-acid (lead-storage) battery - battery of lead (acid) batteries
lead-calcium battery - lead-calcium element
lead-dioxide primary battery - lead dioxide primary cell
line battery - buffer battery
lithium battery - a cell with a lithium anode
lithium-iron sulfide secondary battery
lithium-silver chromate battery
lithium-water battery - lithium water cell
long wet-stand life battery - batteries with a long shelf life in a flooded state
Magnesium battery - primary cell with magnesium anode
magnesium mercuric oxide battery - magnesium-oxide-mercury battery
magnesium-cuprous chloride battery
magnesium-silver chloride battery - silver-magnesium chloride battery
magnesium-water battery - water-magnesium cell
mercury battery - (dry) mercury-zinc cell
mercury battery - a battery of (dry) mercury-zinc cells
metal-air storage battery - air-metal battery
Nicad (nickel-cadmium) battery - nickel-cadmium battery
nickel-cadmium battery - nickel-cadmium battery
nickel-iron battery - nickel-iron battery
nickel-iron battery - nickel-iron battery
Plante battery - lead (acid) battery with linen separator
pilot battery - battery control battery
plate battery - anode battery
plug-in battery - replaceable battery
portable battery - portable battery
primary battery - (primary) element
primary battery - battery of (primary) elements
Quiet battery - microphone battery
Ruben battery - (dry) mercury-zinc cell
rechargeable battery
rechargeable battery - a battery of rechargeable elements
reserve battery - galvanic cell of the reserve battery
ringing battery - ringing (telephone) battery
Sal-ammoniac battery - (primary) cell with solutions of ammonium salts
saturated standard battery - saturated normal battery
sealed battery - sealed battery
sealed battery - sealed (primary) cell
secondary battery
signaling battery - calling (telephone) battery
silver-cadmium storage battery - battery of silver-cadmium batteries
silver-oxide battery - (primary) element with a silver cathode
silver-zinc primary battery - silver-zinc primary battery
silver-zinc storage battery - silver-zinc storage battery
solar battery - solar battery
standard Daniel battery - (copper-zinc) normal Daniel cell
standby battery - emergency battery
stationary battery - stationary battery
storage battery
Talking battery - microphone battery
Voltaic battery - Volt element; cell with metal electrodes and liquid electrolyte
Weston (standard) battery - (mercury cadmium) normal Weston cell
wet battery - cell with liquid electrolyte
Zinc-air battery - battery of air-zinc cells
zinc-chlorine battery - zinc-chlorine battery
zinc-coper-oxide battery - copper-zinc oxide cell
zinc-iron battery - iron-zinc element
zinc-manganese dioxide battery - a battery of manganese-zinc cells
zinc-mercury-oxide battery - mercury-oxide-zinc cell
zinc-nickel battery - battery of nickel-zinc batteries
zinc-silver-chloride primary battery

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