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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Headed cabbage. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Brassica Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae) Origin: Mediterranean Area: Cabbage is widely distributed throughout the world, grown in many countries, including Europe, Asia, North and South America. Chemical composition: Cabbage is rich in vitamins (A, C, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9), minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium), antioxidants, proteins, fiber, carotene, flavonoids, sulfurs , phytoncides and other useful substances. Economic value: Headed cabbage is widely used in the food industry for the production of canned food, salads, juices and other products. It is also an important source of nutrients and is included in the diet of many people around the world. For decorative purposes, cabbage is used in landscape design. Legends and myths: In some cultures, cabbage is associated with the idea of harmony and balance. Its use may be associated with the desire to achieve balance and harmony in life.
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea. Description, illustrations of the plant Cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
Cabbage has a high nutritional value, contains 1,6% protein, 4% carbohydrates, rich in fiber (0,8%), mineral salts and vitamins, including ulcer-healing vitamin U. Compared to other cabbages, it has a high content of vitamin K. However, in terms of vitamin content, cabbage is still inferior to most leafy vegetables cultivated in the tropics (vitamin C content is 40-50 mg/100 g). Headed cabbage is eaten fresh and processed, while sauerkraut, which is so popular in some European countries, is rightfully called the "northern salad". One of the oldest vegetable crops grown in the countries of the Mediterranean and Southern Europe for at least 4-4,5 thousand years. It is the areas of the Mediterranean coast with their inherent mild winters that are the center of origin of many species from the Cabbage family. The Romans brought the plant to England. Currently, cabbage is widely distributed both in the tropics and in the temperate zone. It grows even in the polar regions. Headed cabbage is very popular in the tropics. It is grown in North India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Central, East and West Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean.
Cabbage is a biennial plant. In the 1st year of life, a large number of large sessile leaves densely overlapping each other, forming a compact head of cabbage, grows in the upper part of the shortened stem. Buds are laid in the axils of the leaves. The shape of the head of cabbage can vary greatly between varieties. The density of the head, as a rule, increases in the zones of cultivation in the direction from north to south. In addition, it is determined by the amount of precipitation, the ratio of nutrients in the soil, as well as the degree of maturation of the heads. The color of the leaves is green (in white cabbage), less often red (in red cabbage varieties). Leaves are smooth or wrinkled. Leaf color is a varietal trait, but it varies depending on growing conditions. With a lack of nitrogen in the soil, the leaves become lighter in color. An excess of nitrogen, on the contrary, leads to their staining in intense bluish-green tones. In the 2nd year of life, as a result of the differentiation of buds that occurred in the winter, flower-bearing shoots grow from them. The height of the seed plant is 70-150 cm. Cultivated cabbage differs little in the structure of flowers, fruits and seeds from the wild relative, grassy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L), growing in rock crevices on the Mediterranean coast, as well as in South-Western Europe and southern England . However, the shape of the still underdeveloped inflorescence or vegetative organs differs quite strongly in different representatives of the species. The flowers are small, less than 1,5 cm, and large, over 2 cm. The petals are painted in lemon yellow, cream or less often white. The fruit is a pod 5-10 cm long, cylindrical in shape, with a smooth or slightly tuberculate surface. The number of seeds in each compartment is 8-16, they have a bluish-brown color, reach 2-4 mm in diameter. The weight of 1000 seeds is about 4 g. The nature of the growth and development of cabbage largely depends on environmental conditions. If plants with 5-7 leaves, which have not yet begun to form a head, are exposed to prolonged exposure to low temperatures (5-7 ° C), they will begin to form flower-bearing shoots. In this case, the head of cabbage will not appear. This property of plants is used in the organization of seed production of white cabbage in the subtropical zone of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Cultivation of seeds is carried out in the autumn-winter period. In the subtropical zone, the stage of vernalization in the winter-spring time exactly coincides with the growth processes. As a result, it is possible to reduce the overall development cycle to 10-12 months. Sowing of early ripening varieties is carried out in August, mid-season - in the second half of July. Similarly, for example, seeds are obtained in South Africa. In more severe climatic conditions of high latitudes, vernalization of plants ends during their winter storage under conditions specially created for this. In the spring, flower stalks grow from the newly planted stumps. The hot climate of the tropics is not entirely favorable for growing cabbages. In most varieties, heads are tied normally only if the temperature does not exceed 25 ° C, while the optimum is in the range between 15 and 20 ° C. Therefore, plantations, as a rule, are located at an altitude of 800 m or more above sea level. seas. Here, the difference between day and night temperatures also favorably affects the formation of a head of cabbage.
It is difficult to get large heads when growing cabbage in the tropical plains, primarily due to the fact that high temperatures greatly accelerate the ripening of plants. Under these conditions, preference should be given to some varieties of Savoy cabbage and dense ones. During the winter months, cabbages are usually grown in areas located on the plains. In the hot summer months, the culture moves to the highlands, where conditions are more favorable for it. So, in Northern India, for example, seedlings of cabbage begin to be grown in August - October, in Bihar, sowing is carried out until November, in mountainous regions, seedlings are prepared from early March to late July. Planting seedlings of cabbage in the southeast of the Hindustan Peninsula and in the island states of this region are trying to coincide with the time of the winter monsoon. Although in some countries, such as India, cabbage is not as important economically as cauliflower, due to the later arrival of the crop, it successfully compensates for the absence of cauliflower on the market in the later months, until April. In recent years, along with the recognized varieties of cabbage, hybrids are gaining more and more popularity. They have an increased yield, form high-quality, well-preserved uniform heads, suitable for mechanized harvesting. Hybrid seed production is carried out on the basis of specially grown parental lines with self-incompatibility. (This phenomenon is due to the impossibility of seed formation when the flower is pollinated by pollen from the same plant or other plants of the same line.) Although promising hybrids for the tropics and subtropics have now been created, common varieties from the temperate zone are still being grown in most countries. Seed production of cabbage in the tropics is possible only in mountainous areas. The fact is that in order to form flower-bearing shoots on plants, they must first, as noted above, experience exposure to low temperatures for about 2 months - this is necessary to differentiate the future flower bud. However, many late-ripening European varieties with a long vernalization period do not form flower stalks in the tropics even in mountainous conditions, which is why their seed production is impossible here. The main pests of cabbage are nematodes, cruciferous fleas, cabbage aphids, cabbage fly, etc. Cabbage seedlings mainly suffer from diseases such as cruciferous clubroot (especially on acidic soils), black leg and downy mildew. Phomosis, vascular and mucous bacteriosis, alternariosis are also of great danger. Selection is underway to create disease-resistant varieties. In particular, there are already forms that are resistant to keel. The soil should be highly fertile and have a reaction close to neutral (it is not by chance that wild forms of cabbage settle primarily on soils formed on lime-chalk deposits). Preliminarily, the necessary organic and mineral fertilizers are applied to the site.
In the tropics and subtropics, the cultivation of cabbage begins with the preparation of seedlings. For a more extended delivery of cabbage, sowing is usually carried out several times. Seedlings are grown on specially prepared ridges. At the age of 4-6 weeks, the plants are planted on a prepared plantation. Row spacing 60-75 cm, distance between plants in a row 45-60 cm. Plants of late-ripening varieties grown to larger sizes also need a larger feeding area. Late-ripening varieties also include red cabbage: plants are planted after 50-60 cm. High air temperature delays the survival of planted seedlings. The consumption of seeds for growing seedlings per 1 ha of plantation (30 thousand plants/ha) is about 500-700 g. Throughout the plantation period, watering should be carried out regularly. Lack of water leads to stunting of plants or cracking of already formed heads. During the beginning of the formation of the head of the plant, it is useful to feed with nitrogen fertilizers. On the plain, they start harvesting heads in 70-90 days; in the mountains, at an altitude of over 1000 m, the duration of the growing period for different varieties is 80-110 days. Late-ripening varieties form larger heads. Heads of cabbage are cut off during harvesting, freeing them from the lower loose rosette leaves, which are used for livestock feed. Harvesting is carried out in several steps, first of all, the formed dense heads of cabbage are removed. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is an annual plant that can be grown in beds in the garden or kitchen garden. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing cabbage: Cultivation:
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Storage:
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