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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Violet tricolor (pansies). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Violet tricolor (pansies), Viola tricolor. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Viola Family: Violaceae (violet) Origin: Europe, North Africa, Asia Area: Violet tricolor grows throughout Europe and in northwestern Africa, in Asia it is found in the Caucasian and West Siberian parts of Russia, as well as in Central and East Asia. Chemical composition: Violet leaves and flowers contain flavonoids, anthocyanins, essential oils, saponins, alkaloids, organic acids and vitamin C. Economic value: Violet tricolor is used in cosmetology and medicine. Violet has anti-inflammatory, soothing, analgesic, choleretic and diuretic effects. It is also grown to decorate gardens and parks. Legends, myths, symbolism: In the Middle Ages, tricolor violet was used as a symbol of fidelity and love. It is said that at the court of King Henry IV of the French herbarium, girls gave bouquets of pansies to their beloved as a sign of fidelity and love. In modern culture, tricolor violet is associated with the memory of those who died during wars and conflicts. In many European countries, this violet is used as a symbol of memory and respect for the victims of wars and violence. In general, violet tricolor is associated with fidelity, love, healing properties, memory and respect for victims of violence.
Violet tricolor (pansies), Viola tricolor. Description, illustrations of the plant Violet tricolor (Ivan da Marya, pansies), Viola tricolor L. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
An annual or biennial plant with thin branched stems, the violet family (Violaceae). The leaves are alternate, petiolate, orbicular or oblong-elliptic. Flowers solitary on long stalks. The petals are multi-colored: usually the top two are purple, the two side petals are light purple, the bottom one is yellow or white. The fruit is a box, cracking with three wings. Blooms from April to late autumn. Range and habitats. Area - Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Western Siberia, the Far East; Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Asia Minor. It occurs on fertile soils in meadows, among shrubs, along forest edges, pastures and old fallows. Wild plants can be found in old parks, gardens, former estates, near roads. Cultivated, sometimes running wild; weed in fields, lawns, wastelands, landfills. Chemical composition. The plant contains the glycoside violaquercitrin (rutin): in leaves - 0,13%, in stems - 0,08%, in roots - 0,05%, in seeds and flowers - traces. The anthocyanin glycoside violanin was found in the flowers. The alkaloid violaemetin was found in the roots. The herb during flowering contains violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, auroxanthin, flavoxanthin, ascorbic acid, saponins, and a small amount of essential oil, consisting mainly of salicylic acid methyl ester.
In medicine, the herb of the plant is used, which is harvested in the summer - from May to September - and dried. In the finished raw material there should not be a large number of ripe fruits, crumbling flowers and plant roots. Application in medicine. Violet herb has expectorant and diuretic properties. The roots have an emetic effect, which is attributed to the alkaloid violaemetin. Violet grass is used for bronchitis. Violet herb infusion. Prepare as follows: 20 g of herbs are crushed to a particle size of not more than 5 mm, pour 200 ml of water at room temperature. Boil for 15 minutes, infuse for 45 minutes, filter, squeeze out the residue, add water to 200 ml. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. Herb tea is prepared as follows: the herb is brewed with boiling water in a ratio of 1:10, heated in a water bath, without boiling, for 5 minutes, insisted for 15 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times a day. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Pansies. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
Where the Russian name of this flower came from is not known for certain. True, some of its beautiful varieties really do look somewhat like the eye, but for the most part these are already large, cultivated varieties, while the plant we are interested in is that simple, modest flower that grows on arable land, and sometimes even near houses, on the garden. land in the village. The Germans call him stepmother (Stiefmuetterchen), explaining this name as follows. The lower, largest, most beautifully mottled petal is a dressed-down stepmother, two higher, no less beautifully colored petals are her own daughters, and the top two white, as if shed, with a lilac tinge of a petal, are her poorly dressed stepdaughters. Tradition says that before the stepmother was upstairs, and the poor stepdaughters were downstairs, but the Lord took pity on the poor downtrodden and abandoned girls and turned the flower, and the evil stepmother gave a spur, and her daughters hated mustaches. According to others, pansies depict the face, which is really, if you like, right, an angry stepmother. In fact, there are flowers whose faces look somehow evil, so that, according to the tale, one can perhaps take them for the face of some evil woman. Still others, seeing in them also a face, do not see anything evil in its expression, but simply curiosity and say that it belongs to one woman who, as if, was turned into this flower because, out of curiosity, she looked where she was. was prohibited. As if to confirm this, another legend is told about their appearance on earth. Once, the legend says, Venus decided to bathe in a remote grotto, where no human eye could penetrate, and she bathed for a long time. But suddenly she hears a rustle and sees that several mortals are looking at her... Then, having come into indescribable anger, she appeals to Zeus and begs to punish the daring. Zeus heeds her prayer and wants to punish them with death, but then softens and turns them into pansies, the painting of which expresses the curiosity and surprise that served them as death. The Greeks called this flower the flower of Jupiter, and they had such a legend about its origin. One day, the Thunderer, bored of sitting on his throne of clouds, conceived a variety for the sake of descending to earth. In order not to be recognized, he disguised himself as a shepherdess and took with him a lovely white lamb, which he led on a string. Having reached the fields of Argives, he saw a mass of people striving for the temple of Juno and mechanically followed him. It was here that the famous in Greece beauty Io, the daughter of King Inoch, was making a sacrifice. Fascinated by her extraordinary beauty, Jupiter forgot about his divine origin and, placing at her feet the lovely white sheep he had brought with him, revealed himself to her in his love. Proud, impregnable, who refused the harassment of all earthly kings, Io could not resist the spell of the Thunderer and was carried away by him. The lovers usually saw each other only in the silence of the night and under the strictest secrecy, but the jealous Juno soon found out about this connection, and Jupiter, in order to save poor Io from the wrath of his wife, was forced to turn her into a wonderful snow-white cow. But this transformation of Io, which sheltered Juno from the wrath and malice, became her greatest misfortune. Learning about such a terrible transformation, she began to sob bitterly, and her plaintive cries resounded like a cow's roar. She wanted to raise her hands to the sky in order to beg the immortals to return her former image, but the hands that turned into legs did not obey her. She wandered sadly among her sisters, and no one recognized her. True, her father caressed her at times like a beautiful animal and gave her succulent leaves, which he plucked from the nearest bush, but in vain she licked his hands with gratitude, in vain shed tears - he also did not recognize her. Then a happy thought came into her mind: she thought of writing about her misfortune. And then one day, when her father was feeding her, she began to draw letters in the sand with her feet. These strange movements attracted his attention, he began to peer into the writing in the sand and, to his horror, recognized the unfortunate fate of his dear beautiful daughter, whom he considered dead long ago. “Oh, I’m unhappy!” he exclaimed, clinging to her neck and embracing her muzzle. “This is how terrible I find you, my dear, priceless child, you, whom I have been looking for so long and in vain everywhere. Looking for you in vain everywhere "I suffered greatly, but when I found it, it was ten times more. Poor, poor child, you can't even say a single word of consolation to me, instead of words, only wild sounds escape from your sore soul!" The unfortunate daughter and father were inconsolable. And then, in order to at least somewhat mitigate the terrible fate of Io, the earth, by order of Jupiter, grew our flower as a pleasant, tasty food for it, which, as a result, received the name of the flower of Jupiter from the Greeks and symbolically depicted a blushing and pale girlish modesty.
We do not find any information about pansies among the Romans, but in the Middle Ages they begin to play a role in the Christian world and receive the name of the flower of St. Trinity. According to Clusius, medieval Christians saw a triangle in a dark spot in the middle of a flower and compared it with the all-seeing eye, and in the divorces surrounding it - a radiance coming from it. The triangle depicted, in their opinion, the three faces of St. Trinity, originating from the all-seeing eye - God the Father. (Clusius is a Latinized form of writing the name of the famous Flemish botanist (1526 - 1609) Charles de L. Ecluse (sometimes spelled Delescluse).) In general, this flower was surrounded by mystery in the Middle Ages, and in one of the Trappist monasteries one could see on the wall a huge image of it with a dead head in the center and the inscription: "memento mori" (remember death). Perhaps that is why white pansies are considered in Northern France a symbol of death, they never give anyone and do not make bouquets of them. (The Trappists are a Catholic monastic order founded in the XNUMXth century, distinguished by an exceptionally strict charter.) On the other hand, they served as a loving symbol of fidelity, and it was customary to give each other their portraits, placed in an enlarged image of this flower. He uses the same meaning in our time in Poland, where he is called "brothers" and is given as a keepsake only as a sign of a very great location. As they say, a young girl gives such a flower there as a keepsake only to her fiancé. Since ancient times, pansies have also been attributed the ability to bewitch love. To do this, the person who wanted to bewitch only needed to sprinkle the juice of these flowers on the eyelids during sleep and then come to stand in front of him just at the time he wakes up. Modern French peasant girls, in order to attract someone's love to themselves and find out where their betrothed lives, turn the flower by the pedicel, saying: "Think carefully: in the direction where you stop, my betrothed will be." Since the XNUMXth century, pansies have received the universal name pensee - a thought, a thought, but where it came from and for what reason it was given is unknown. It is only known that it first appeared in Brabant. There is an assumption that it is of Persian origin, as if nowhere else in the world did this flower enjoy such love as in Persia, where there are even much more affectionate names for it than for the rose adored by everyone there. The German botanist Sterne suggests that it comes from the fact that the seed box of that flower is somewhat like a skull - the place where the brain and thought are located. These flowers are sent in England by lovers on Valentine's Day (February 14th), when all feelings hidden for a whole year get the right to pour out on paper, and are sent to the address of those persons to whom they are intended. On this day, as they say, more letters of declaration of love are written here than in the entire globe. Now, hiding behind an anonymous person like a mask, even girls decide to open their hearts, their thoughts to the one whom they have loved so far only in secret, and young people are waiting for this day to offer their hand and heart to their chosen ones. Sometimes just a dried flower with a name is sent. This is enough - everything is clear. That is why, in addition to the name pansy, which corresponds to the French word pensee, it is also called "Hearts ease" in England - "heartfelt calm", "heartfelt joy", because indeed, expressing without words the desire and thought of the one who sends it, it serves as a calmer his feelings. The French name of this flower also gave Louis XV a reason, when he was elevated to the noble dignity of the economist and doctor Quesne, so famous in his time, to place three pensee in his coat of arms with the inscription: "to a deep thinker." However, everything that we have said so far does not concern those velvety wonderful Pansies that we meet in our gardens, but their modest yellow and purple wild ancestors. The first attempt to make them garden flowers dates back to the time of Melanchthon's famous associate, Camerius, who lived at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. At this time, Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel began to breed them from seeds in his gardens. He was the first to give a complete description of this flower. In the XNUMXth century, Vandergren, the gardener of the Prince of Orange, began to deal with it, and brought out five varieties. But this flower owes its first significant improvement to Lady Mary Benet, daughter of the Earl of Tankerville, in Walton, England, who, having made him her favorite, planted with them the whole garden and the whole terrace of her castle. As a result, her gardener Richard, wanting to please her, began to collect the seeds of the largest and most beautiful specimens and sow them, and insects, flying from one flower to another and pollinating them, contributed to the formation of new varieties. Thus, those wonderful varieties were soon obtained, which attracted everyone's attention and made pansies one of the most beloved flowers. This was in 1819, and in the 30s of the 1830th century, that is, fifteen years later, ordinary pansies began to cross partly with the European large-flowered yellow violet (Viola lutea), and partly with the Altai and thus received a mass (Darwin in 400 In XNUMX, he already counted more than XNUMX varieties, among them already those velvety, satiny flowers that make up the decoration of our gardens.
Recently, especially beautiful flowers have been bred in England: completely black, bearing the name of Faust, light blue - Marguerite and wine-red - Mephistopheles. Now all the attention of gardeners is turned to obtaining double and strongly fragrant flowers, since the only thing this lovely flower lacks is the smell. In America, in the city of Portland, Oregon, gardeners are trying to increase the size of the flower and are already deducing, as they say, flowers 4-5 inches in diameter. (Inch - 23 mm.) But this size still seems insufficient to gardeners: they want to give them the size of a sunflower. Such gigantic growth, apparently, is greatly facilitated by the climate and the very soil of Oregon, where in general these flowers grow as successfully as anywhere else. Almost all the large flowers are red, while the yellows and whites never reach large sizes. At a horticultural exhibition in Portland some time ago, local gardeners thought of displaying 25.000 of these gigantic eyes in one flower bed: whether they succeeded, I don’t know. In conclusion, we will tell you one funny incident that occurred in 1815 in a small provincial town in France, the reason for which was our modest flower. The priest of this town, and at the same time a school teacher, once decided to ask his students an essay on the topic "Viola tricolor" (three-colored violet), that is the name in the scientific language of pansies, and added in the form of an epigraph a line from a Latin poem of medieval French poet: "Flosque lovis varius foliis tricoloris et ipse par violae" ("A kind of flower of Jupiter with tricolor petals and itself equal to a violet"). Having learned about this, having little understanding of Latin and wanting to serve the new government (it was just during the accession of Louis XVIII), the mayor of this city suspected treason in these words and immediately demanded a teacher. Frightened, bewildered, the poor teacher hastened to come to him and, to his amazement, heard the following strange interpretation of his epigraph. According to the mayor, the words "Flos lovis" (flower of Jupiter) meant nothing more than the flower of Napoleon I, who was exiled at that time; the words "foliis tricoloris" (tricolored petals) denoted the tricolor Republican cockade, and the words "ipse par violae" a pun on "le pere la Violette" (father of the violet), the name we have seen given to Napoleon I by his adherents. . The interrogation was carried out very strictly, it lasted a long time, and it cost the teacher a lot of work to justify himself ... As a tea, dried pansies are successfully used in Germany against certain rash diseases of children. This is due to the fact that they contain a significant dose (about 1,5%) of salicylic acid, which perfectly cleanses the blood. (Viola tricolor (tricolor violet) as a medicinal plant has been known since antiquity. The herb is part of the tea for scrofula, it is also used for skin rashes and eczema. It is also widely used in folk medicine. Its decoction is considered a blood purifier, diuretic and diaphoretic .) Author: Zolotnitsky N. Pansies. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
The petals of the pansies were opened, and in the corollas white is the color of hope, yellow is surprise, purple is sadness. According to legend, three periods of the life of the girl Anyuta with a kind heart and trusting radiant eyes were reflected in the tricolor petals of the pansies. She lived in the village, believed every word, found an excuse for every deed. But to her misfortune, she met an insidious seducer who, with oath assurances, awakened the first feeling in the girl. With all her heart, with all her life, Amot reached out to the young man, and the young man was frightened; hurried on the road on urgent business, promising to return to his chosen one without fail. Anyuta looked at the road for a long time, waiting for her beloved, and quietly faded away from melancholy. And when she died, flowers appeared at the place of her burial, in the tricolor petals of which hope, surprise and sadness were reflected. Such is the Russian legend about the flower. The ancient Greeks associated the origin of pansies with the daughter of the king of Argos, Io, who fell in love with Zeus with all her heart, for which her jealous wife, the goddess Hera, was turned into a cow. In order to somehow brighten up the life of his beloved, Zeus grew pansies, which symbolized a love triangle and, on the one hand, equated a mere mortal with the goddess, and on the other hand, preserved in her the belief that the curse of Hera is not eternal. The Romans, in flowers that looked like inquisitive faces, saw overly curious people whom the gods turned into plants when they secretly peeped at the bathing Venus. There are legends telling that the overly curious girl Anyuta was turned into pansies, who peeped at someone else's life and interpreted it in her own way. And it seems to some that pansies resemble the faces of kind old gnomes, embracing the world spread out in front of them with an attentive look and rejoicing at the same time any of its insignificant smallness. In the floral symbolism of medieval Europe, pansies had the meaning of forget-me-nots, so in France and England it was customary to frame portraits of loved ones with them. meant a declaration of love. In Poland, the bride gave pansies to the departing groom, and then they symbolized the eternal memory and fidelity of the giver; the same was expressed by a bouquet of flowers under the window of the house of a French woman whose fiancé was away. From time immemorial, Poles and Belarusians call them "brothers" for the fact that several multi-colored petals coexist in one corolla of a flower at the same time, and they give them only to those whom they love in a brotherly way. In early spring, on brightly lit meadows, pansies scatter their purple smiles. They bloom immediately after the snow melts, therefore they are considered a symbol of reviving nature. These unassuming flowers were introduced to culture over a hundred years ago in England. They owe this to the gardener Thompson, who was lucky enough to find and bring back a wild variety of violet, similar, in his words, to a cunning cat's muzzle. From England, pansies migrated to France and Germany, and soon appeared in Russia. Botanists dubbed them tricolor violet and viola, and people still continue to call them pansies. Author: Krasikov S. Violet tricolor (pansies). Application in folk medicine and cooking
Violet flower tea is drunk with seborrhea and acne before going to bed. Herbal compresses are used to remove acne that is difficult to remove. Author: Reva M.L.
Violet tricolor (pansies), Viola tricolor. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Violet tricolor (pansies), Viola tricolor. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The tricolor violet (Viola tricolor), also known as pansies, is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia. It is used in cooking, medicine and perfumery. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing: Cultivation:
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Violet tricolor is a beautiful and useful plant that can be used in cooking and medicine.
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