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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Sunflower. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Helianthus Family: Asteraceae (Asteraceae) Origin: North and Central America Area: The sunflower is distributed throughout the world as a cultivated plant. Chemical composition: The seeds of the plant contain oils, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts. The main component of the oil is linoleic acid (up to 60% of the total fatty acid content). Economic value: Sunflower is grown as a fodder, oilseed, technical and ornamental plant. The main importance is the cultivation of sunflower as an oilseed crop. Sunflower oil is used in the food, oil, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, paint and varnish industries, etc. In addition, sunflower is a valuable fodder plant for livestock and poultry. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient cultures, the sunflower was a symbol of the sun and light, as well as wealth and prosperity. In Greek mythology, for example, the hero Clytia was turned into a sunflower because she couldn't let go of her love for Apollo and followed him as he moved across the sky. In Mexican mythology, the sunflower is considered a symbol of the sun god. In folk traditions, the sunflower has been used as a symbol of love, fidelity and friendship. Its bright yellow petals are associated with joy, optimism and vitality.
Sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Description, illustrations of the plant Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
An annual herbaceous plant with an erect stem 2 m or more high. The leaves are large, oval-heart-shaped, petiolate. The flowers are an inflorescence-basket surrounded by involucre leaves. Along the edges are reed flowers, inside - bisexual tubular, forming seeds. The fruit is an elongated wedge-shaped achene, white, brown, black, purple or striped, with a leathery pericarp. Blooms in July-August. The plant is native to North America. It came to Russia in the XNUMXth century. Sunflower was grown as an ornamental or garden plant. Its achenes were used as a delicacy instead of nuts. For this purpose, selection was carried out to obtain larger seeds. Now it is one of the leading industrial crops. Breeders have created sunflower varieties, the grains of which contain more than 55% oil. Sunflower is a heat-loving crop that prefers well-fertilized soils. Place it in bright areas. Sow in the spring, when the soil warms up to 8-12 ° C, to a depth of 6-8 cm. Seedlings appear in ten to twelve days. They endure frosts down to minus 4-6 °C. In the summer, weeding and loosening are carried out. The most favorable temperature during flowering is 20-30 °C. Sunflower is heat and drought resistant; deep and powerful root system allows it to use moisture from the lower layers of the soil. Baskets are harvested around August-September, in the phase of wax ripeness of seeds. They are dried, threshed and eaten fresh or fried. The bulk of the seeds goes to industrial processing. Marginal yellow reed flowers, leaves, axillary underdeveloped baskets are used for medicinal purposes. Their preparation is carried out at the beginning of flowering (this does not harm fruiting). Leaves of medium size are selected, preferably with small petioles (leaves that are darkened, affected by insects, and also with rusty spots are not subject to collection) and dried in the open air or in ventilated rooms, in attics. Axillary baskets are harvested as a whole, they are carefully cut off, sometimes cut into two or three parts and dried in this form.
The seed kernel is rich in oil, proteins (more than in soybeans), sugars, phytin, tannins, chlorogenic, citric, tartaric, as well as unsaturated fatty acids, carotene were found. Reed flowers contain betaine, choline, saponins; leaves - carotene, rubber and resinous substances, and flower baskets - a lot of pectin, tannins and resinous substances. The main components of sunflower oil obtained from seeds are glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and oleic), phosphatides, vitamins F, D, E, carotene. In folk medicine, infusions of sunflower leaves and flowers are known as a remedy for malaria and improve appetite. Sunflower oil is used for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as a laxative. In addition, it is used in the form of applications for the treatment of wounds and burns, for oil-mustard wraps for acute bronchitis and pneumonia. Purified (refined) oil as a choleretic agent is included in the diet for chronic diseases of the liver and biliary tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholangiohepatitis, cholelithiasis). The medical industry produces the anti-atherosclerotic drug linetol, which includes sunflower oil. Flower baskets serve as a source of pectin, which regulates the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and suppresses putrefactive intestinal microflora. Therefore, it is very useful in enterocolitis. In nutrition, refined oil is used very widely. Use it with salads, vinaigrette; meat, fish, vegetables are fried in oil; it is added to the dough when baking flour products. In the food industry, it is used in the manufacture of margarine, halva. Sunflower oil is a semi-drying oil, so it is widely used in the paint and varnish industry. The cake remaining after oil production contains a large amount of proteins, sugars and fats and is a valuable concentrated feed for livestock. All parts of the plant are of technical importance and are used in the national economy: green mass - for livestock feed, stems - to obtain fiber boards used in construction; fodder protein, enzymes for use in the microbiological industry are obtained from the husk. Furfural obtained from the husk is used in the production of synthetic resins and other chemical materials. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Sunflower, Helianthus annus. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
Sunflower oil is classified as semi-drying (iodine number 119-134). It is widely used for food, in the production of margarine, in soap making, paint and varnish and other light industries. The oil contains biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and vitamins A, D, E, K. After extracting the oil from the seeds, cake is obtained (during pressing) or meal (during extraction). These are high-protein feeds containing 32-37% protein. When used for silage, the green mass of sunflower is harvested in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering. Its productivity is 40-50 t/ha. 100 kg of silage contain 11-16 feed. units and 0,5-0,7 kg of protein. The average seed yield is 1,2-1,4 t/ha, high - 2,5-3,0. The oil content in the seeds is 47-50%. In the homeland of the sunflower, in the south of North America, this plant was called the "solar flower" and was considered sacred. The first seeds were brought to Europe by the Spaniards in 1510 and sown in the Madrid Botanical Garden. Sunflower came to Russia under Peter I from Holland and for a long time remained a garden gnaw and ornamental plant. In 1829, D. E. Bokarev, a serf of Count Sheremetev from the village of Alekseevka, Voronezh province, discovered a new property of the "sunny flower". Using a primitive hand press, he extracted golden delicious oil from sunflower seeds. In Russia, the sunflower has evolved from an ornamental plant to an oilseed crop. Soon, sunflower crops as an oilseed crop spread in Ukraine and in the Saratov province. The largest areas of sunflower are in Ukraine, Argentina, Romania, Bulgaria, Uruguay, USA Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is one of the many species of the genus Helianthus, the Asteraceae family, about 50 of its species are concentrated in North America, 17 in South America. Introduced into cultivation as an oilseed plant. Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) The Helianthus annus species is currently divided into cultivated sunflower (Helianthus cultus) and wild sunflower (Helianthus ruderalis). Forms cultivated for oil and fodder are classified as subspecies of sunflower (sativum), in contrast to ornamental sunflower (ornamentalis). According to morphological characteristics and structure of seeds, sunflower is divided into 3 groups: oilseed, gnaw and mezheumok. The sunflower of the oilseed group has the greatest distribution in crops. Sunflower is an annual herbaceous oil plant. The root is taproot, it penetrates the soil up to 2-4 m, the lateral roots are well developed. The stem is erect, non-branching in breeding forms with a loose core, pubescent, 0,7-1,2 m high in oilseeds and 2-3 m in silage (gnaw) varieties. The leaves are large, densely pubescent, oval-heart-shaped with pointed ends and serrated edges. The plant forms 15-35 leaves. Inflorescence - a basket that looks like a flat or convex, less often concave, disk surrounded by a wrapper of several rows of green leaves. The diameter of the basket in oilseed varieties is 10-20 cm, in gnawing varieties - up to 40-50. Flowers along the edges are reed, asexual (sometimes with underdeveloped pistils), in the rest of the inflorescence - tubular bisexual (600-1200). The color of the petals is from light yellow to dark orange. Cross pollination. Sunflower is a good honey plant. The fruit is an achene, the color of the fruit shell is light, light and dark gray, black-coal, brown, striped. It consists of a kernel, which is covered with a thin seed coat, and a peel (husk), husk content is 22-46%. The weight of 1000 achenes is 40-125 g. In the peel of oilseed varieties there is an armored layer that protects the achenes from sunflower moths. Ecologically sunflower is a steppe species. The type of cultivated sunflower is usually considered short-day. The optimum temperature for the growth and development of sunflower is 25-27 °C, the seeds begin to germinate at 5-10 °C, seedlings can tolerate short-term frosts down to minus 5-6 °C. The length of the growing season for varieties ranges from 100 to 138 days. An intensive technology of sunflower cultivation has been developed. Its main methods are: placement of sunflower crops in crop rotation according to the best predecessors for it (ear crops, peas, corn); high-quality tillage with the application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers and the use of herbicides for weed control; sowing of zoned varieties and hybrids at an optimal plant density of 35-50 thousand per 1 ha; timely care of crops; timely and quality cleaning. It is recommended to store peeled high-oil seeds at a moisture content not higher than 7%. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Sunflower. The birthplace of the plant, the history of distribution and cultivation
Sunflower oil is best for dressing salads. Or lean, as it is sometimes called. It is sunflower because it is made from a wonderful plant called sunflower. A sunflower, or simply a sunflower, got its name due to the fact that its inflorescences always turn towards the sun. In fact, most plants tend to daylight, but the sunflower is especially attached to it. It even outwardly looks like a small sun: a huge flower with many bright yellow petals-rays. It is not surprising, therefore, that the sunflower has long been associated with the sun in the minds of people. This connection was discovered two thousand years ago, in the historical homeland of the sunflower, in North America, where it is still found in the form of a wild weed plant two to three meters in height with many small inflorescences-baskets. The Indians not only worshiped the sunflower, but also used it on the farm: archaeologists discovered vessels filled with sunflower seeds at ancient sites, and managed to find out that the Indians lubricated their hair with oil squeezed out of them. To the south, in Mexico and Peru, temples were erected in honor of the sunflower, and they prayed to the golden images of the flower. It was in Peru that Europeans got acquainted with the sunflower; brought to Spain in 1596, it was originally called the Peruvian sun flower or sun grass. It was planted in gardens for beauty. However, one English cookbook published in 1633 mentions that young sunflower baskets can be boiled or baked and eaten, flavored with vinegar.
In Europe, they also personified a flower with the sun. The famous Dutch artist Anthony van Dyck depicted himself with a sunflower in one self-portrait in order to win the favor of the English king Charles I, who was called the "sun". With this, the artist wanted to say this: you are the sun, your majesty; I - with a sunflower, your majesty; I'm with you, your majesty! The king understood the artist as well as we do. Van Dyck was invited to the English court, he was granted a title of nobility and a gold chain. So everything is clear with sunflower and sunflower oil. But why is it lean? Yes, because in Russia it was especially often eaten on those days when it was impossible to eat anything that was of animal origin - during fasting. It seems that it has always been like this - but it only seems. Sunflower came to us from Europe only in the second half of the 1794th century. In the book "The Kingdom of Growth", published in XNUMX, academician Vasily Mikhailovich Severgin wrote: "This plant is revered as capable of healing wounds. Burnt seeds have the smell of coffee and produce an equally pleasant liquor. The greatest use of the seed is for parrots." But soon fried sunflower seeds - sunflower seeds - clicked not only exotic birds, but literally the entire peasant population of Russia. One of the varieties of sunflower even received a special name - "Groovy Central Russian". And in 1835, the serf of Count Sheremetev, the peasant Bokarev from the settlement of Alekseevka, Biryuchinsky district, Voronezh province, “thought of sowing a very small amount of sunflower seeds in his garden for a test. which he had never seen before, and which had never been here." Author: Gol N.
Sunflower. Legends, the birthplace of the plant, the history of distribution
Sunflower grows everywhere. Therefore, many will be surprised to learn that he is a "foreigner". And this is true. His homeland is distant Mexico. It was once considered a sacred plant there. The bright yellow sunflower blossoms seemed to the ancient Mexicans like wonderful little suns that had come down to earth. The mysterious connection of the plant with the daylight was also seen in the fact that the inflorescences turn towards the sun all day long, catching its hot rays. The sun is in the east and they are facing east. The sun is in the south - and they turned south. The sun is in the west - and they look there too. Well, isn't that a miracle? Here the ancient Mexicans called the plant "solar flower", cast its images from gold and installed it in temples. The first Europeans to see the sunflower were Spanish sailors who sailed with Columbus to America. They brought him back to their homeland. Soon, the overseas curiosity flaunted in a flower bed in the botanical garden of Madrid. Curious people always crowded around her. There was no end to the excitement! Everyone who had a garden, or at least a piece of land, tried to grow an unusual flower. And those who did not have land planted sunflowers in pots as a houseplant. The fashion for the "solar flower" spread to other countries. And everywhere they saw in it only a lovely plant, not suspecting that there could be any benefit from it. And only in Russia, the serf peasant Daniil Bokarev thought of making a small press, on which he began to squeeze oil from sunflower seeds. It was in 1829. Only then did the peasants realize the enormous benefits of sunflower cultivation and began to hastily move it to the fields. A little time passed, and the "sunflower" became our main oilseed plant, replacing flax and hemp. Russian agronomists and peasants also have another merit. By selecting larger seeds for sowing, they developed new, more productive plant varieties. The current varieties are even difficult to compare with the wild "Mexican". That achene has the size of a buckwheat seed. And the current ones are with a large plum stone. The heads of the "Mexican" are skinny - with a camomile. And ours - with a whole dish! But the transformations of the "sunny flower" did not end there either. Academician V.S. Pustovoit bred such varieties of sunflower, in the seeds of which there is twice as much oil as in ordinary ones! Can not be compared to wild ancestors and in growth with the current plant. With careful care, it can grow up to four meters in height. And this is also very beneficial: after all, the stem and leaves are good feed for livestock. Author: Osipov N.F.
Sunflower. Useful information
Of the vegetable oils, the most common is sunflower. Obtaining oil from sunflower seeds also has its own history. The sunflower was first brought to Europe from Mexico in the XNUMXth century under the name "grass of the sun", or "Peruvian flower of the sun". A huge bright yellow, like the sun, inflorescence, turning towards the sun's rays, attracted everyone's attention. This overseas plant began to decorate gardens and front gardens near houses. In Russia, sunflower began to spread in the XVIII century, mainly in Ukraine near the huts. They admired him, gnawed at his seeds. Back in 1794, Academician Severgin wrote about the sunflower in his book “The Kingdom of Growth”: “This plant is revered as capable of healing wounds. ". The oil value of sunflower seeds was discovered in 1835 by the serf Bokarev, a resident of the village of Alekseevka, Voronezh province. When the sunflower seeds were ripe, he tried to squeeze the oil out of them. The oil turned out great. By 1860, there were already about 120 oil mills around Alekseevka. Sunflower oil is used for food, for the manufacture of margarine, varnishes, and soaps. Halva is made from seeds. From the flowers, a medicine is obtained that replaces quinine, which helps with malaria. In England, young "baskets" of inflorescences were eaten with vinegar and oil. Sunflowers have interesting flowers. A large inflorescence - a basket - is often mistaken for a large flower. In fact, there are up to a thousand flowers on a wide receptacle with an involucre from the bottom of fused leaves. In the basket, the marginal flowers have one brightly colored tongue of several fused petals. The sunflower belongs to a large and very common Asteraceae family. All Compositae inflorescences are baskets. Author: Verzilin N.
Sunflowers beyond the Arctic Circle. Featured article
"Why do you think sunflowers don't grow beyond the Arctic Circle?" - asked the American botanist N. Klute. - "Yes, for the simple reason that the sun does not set in the North in summer. It spins and spins in the sky. The sunflower twirls its yellow basket after it and turns around so that the basket comes off. And then it's over!" Joking aside, and many still think that the sunflower inflorescence turns in unison with the movement of the sun. And that there is a secret connection between the plant and the daylight. Believing in this, the Serbs called the restless plant sunflower. Many physiologists are confident in the ability of this large grass, as it were, to copy a homing device. Yes, it's hard to argue. One has only to look at the sea of shining baskets at noon. Their faces are really directed towards the sun! There seems to be only one doubter, Professor V. Morozov from Saratov. For three years I watched the sunflower sea. For different varieties. From morning to evening. And even at night. Observations were taken every hour. The result was stunning: the baskets did not move. What position was taken during budding, they remain in that one. Not enough of this. In the crowd of sunflowers on the same day and hour, the baskets look in the most different directions. Some, as expected, to the south. Others to the southwest. Third to the east and to the west. And some are straight north. The confidence that the baskets follow the movement of the sun, apparently, came from the general appearance of the sunflower field. On a hot afternoon, it seems that all the baskets are facing south. In fact, not all, but only the majority. The most important thing is that this majority is also oriented to the south, not only at noon. In the morning, the baskets are directed to the same place, although the sun is in a completely different place. It is still rising from the east. The same baskets that meet the sunrise remain directed to the east even when the sun moves to its zenith. So, a sunflower familiar from childhood, flaunting on the covers of botany textbooks, upon a close meeting with him, turned out to be not at all so simple. And in the recent past, he suffered troubles. Now he is the number one plant in the world of oilseeds, but it was in this oilseed world that he came only two centuries ago. His fate changed many times. The Spaniards took out the sunflower from the New World after the voyages of Columbus. Not at all because of the oil. I liked the cheerful, cheerful appearance. Became an ornament of flower beds in European gardens. And he was such for a long time, until he came to the attention of the adjunct of the Russian Academy of Sciences I. Lepekhin. In 1768, he drove through the Orenburg steppes and lamented, looking at the plight in the region with firewood. Then he remembered sunflowers, and an original solution to the fuel problem came to mind. Threw the slogan: "Sow sunflowers! Dry the stems! Everyone can stock up a hefty stack of firewood over the summer!" I don’t know how the Orenburg residents perceived Lepekhinsky’s advice to sow sunflowers, but in the scientific world it was not forgotten. And thirty years later, the Free Economic Society pushed one of its members - Court Councilor F. Roggenbuk - to take practical steps. In 1796, this venerable man chose a tithe of land and planted a sunflower plantation. Took a lot of trouble. Sowed in greenhouses. Transplanted in the field. He fenced with a binding of poles so that the fragile stems would not be broken by the wind. The crop received a considerable one: it was completely provided with firewood, in addition, it also stuffed oil. And there is food for livestock. True, he admitted that he was rescued by "slop from the kitchen and from washing the dress." It was they who manured the land and ensured the success of the case. However, as we will see later, it was impossible to solve the sunflower problem with slops alone. In the meantime, the public liked the solstice more and more. And not so much firewood as seeds. In the time of N. Gogol, golden baskets stuck out only in the gardens, and a hundred years later they planted so many in the fields that the entire Donbass was filled with husk. Finally they began to make butter. In the middle of the last century, oil flowed like a river in Russia. The multiplication of plantations, however, was fraught with the constant threat that some pest would appear and, multiplying rapidly, strike an unexpected blow. And such a blow was not long in coming. In 1869, nothing seemed to portend disaster. On the contrary, the prospects for the harvest were so promising that the oil mills threatened to flood the whole of Europe with oil. And then suddenly everything collapsed. The plantations were covered, as it were, with a layer of dust, similar to snuff. Rust! Parasitic fungus! And no means of struggle. Nevertheless, among the dying giants, the peasants noticed separate healthy stems. They stood out for their normal green color against the background of decay and destruction. These unique ones, Zelenki, turned out to be immune to the disease. Zelenki multiplied, and the plantations resurrected again. However, there were still many trials ahead of the sunkrut. The broomrape struck the second blow. No longer a fungus, but a flower parasite. It sticks to the roots of the owner and lives at the expense of others. It happens that ten to twenty broomrapes crowd around one stem. And then a hundred - two hundred! Like a thick bush under the trees. Getting rid of the invasion is difficult. The broomrape is super-fertile. One plant produces one hundred thousand seeds. They fly great in the wind. They remain in the soil for ten years. Found among the sunflowers and this time greens that resisted the broomrape. Seeds were collected from them. And the oil fields came to life again. The oil spilled again. And as if on purpose, fate prepared the third test for the sun-creeper - this time the pest appeared in the form of a silver-gray moth. In 1896, her caterpillars worked on all plantations. They gnawed through the hard shell of the seeds, eating away the oily core. There were a hundred pieces on one basket. If it became crowded, the extra freeloaders left the basket. They descended to the ground along thin silk threads of their own production and moved to neighboring plants. A year later, the area of sunflowers was reduced by a factor of three. The most sophisticated measures of struggle were proposed. Agronomist J. Schreiner undertook something like a night moth hunt. Armed with a gauze net, on one of the moonless nights, he went to the field, captured by the pest. A worker walked ahead with a shining kerosene lamp. He parted the rough baskets with his shoulder. They closed behind him again with a heavy, crackling rustle. The disturbed butterflies flew up in shining clouds. Schreiner waved and waved his net, raking in hundreds of silver midges. He was very pleased with his invention. He even wrote a book and gave advice in it: make fires on the plantations. The moth will rush to the fire and die in the flame. However, there were not so many moonless nights, and the advice could not be used. However, by this time they found another, more convenient way to get rid of the excessive attention of the moth. Saratov host I. Karzin noticed that moths do not touch Californian ornamental sunflowers. This plant is completely different from its oilseed counterpart. Its leaves are cucumber, for which it is nicknamed cucumber-leaved. There is not one basket, but dozens. A whole bunch on one stem. By autumn, fading, baskets become spherical and easily lose seeds. What kind of seeds do cucumbers have! A black layer is visible under the outer skin, hard as cast iron. Almost pure carbon. Karzin guessed that it was the carbon barrier that was preventing the tracks from getting into the oil cell. He crossed a cucumber-leaved with a local Saratov Puzanka. A sign of armor, a black carbon layer, was passed on to offspring. Thus, a new, Karzinsky variety arose. True, at first he carried not only salvation from moths, but also something not entirely desirable. Recall that cucumber leaves are distinguished by an abundance of baskets. It is this property that the Karzin hybrid inherited. As soon as the plants in the field matured, after the first basket a second, third, fourth appeared ... The worried owner ran out onto the field with a knife and began to cut off the extra ones. But new stepchildren were drawn to replace them, almost from every leaf. And on those, in turn, more and more! In 1909, the Farmer lamented about this: twice a year you have to stepson! Isn't it too expensive to pay for armor? However, everything ended happily. Armored varieties with black seeds have established themselves. And if on the field the black-seeded ones were next to the white-seeded ones, hordes of moths rushed to the latter. And in 1913, E. Plachek (also from Saratov) developed a variety resistant to broomrape and moths at once. It still exists today. In the fifties, Academician V. Pustovoit strengthened the protection. Now the varieties are also resistant to rust! And the oil in the seeds has increased. It was 35 percent, now it's 50! Pustovoitovtsy changed the very nature of the sunflower. Variety Pervenets gives oil almost ... olive! It would seem, what more could you want? However, there are still a lot of worries with the solstice. Who would have thought that an increase in oil content would lead to a thinning of the husk - the fruit shell? And who would have thought that skin thinning would be the weak point of new varieties? And here is the situation. The thinner the husk, the less its strength. Stronger brittleness. Seeds began to be damaged more often.
A damaged seed is an ideal breeding ground for fungi. Penicillium, aspergillus and other evil spirits in the warehouses began to appear more often. And where there is mold, aflatoxin, a carcinogenic toxin, is often found. The problem urgently needs to be addressed. There is another task. It was announced at the International Conference in 1978 by Czech scientists V. Shkalou and A. Kovacik. It is difficult to grow sunflowers in Czechoslovakia. When it starts to ripen, it rains. To catch up to the showers, you need early-ripening varieties. There are such varieties, but the plants are undersized. In undersized smaller and baskets. The smaller the basket, the lower the yield. The Czechs decided to make up for the loss. Instead of one basket on a stem, grow two, three, five ... After all, wild sunflowers are just like that. Branchy. How can one not recall the efforts of Karzin from Saratov, who fought with all his might against branching! The Czechs have to do just the opposite. The most surprising thing was the fate of the gold basket maker in his homeland - in North America. To this day, wild sunflowers cover thousands of acres in the New World. Wherever a place is vacated, it is immediately occupied by a sunflower. An expert on this plant, the American agronomist C. Heizer, recently wrote that when it comes to the golden basket, the first thing that comes to his mind is a huge garbage heap near the university in Missouri and the railroad tracks of the local station, where sunflowers grow in such abundance, what they can't even see the rails! Observing the truth, I will make a reservation: until recent years, in the homeland, the sunflower was valued not as an oilseed, but as a garden flower. Selected varieties with red flower petals. Oil was considered more profitable to reap from soybeans, since in America it will be born well. And many still believe that the birthplace of the sunflower is not America, but Russia! And only when our breeders bred super-oily varieties, the Americans realized it and took up this crop in a serious way. In the last decade they have increased their crops tenfold. But even now they are four times behind us. It remains to be said about the birds. The easiest way to get seeds from feathered baskets. Sparrows sit on the edge of the basket and busily hollow out the fruitlets one by one. They are so addicted that zoologists come close and copy the impudent consumer at the workplace. They eat seeds and tits. And they especially love siskins and tap dancers. Food, in general, is new to them. Previously, as it turned out, they lived on thistle seeds. Their family travels to distant lands, and in the place where they leave their "calling card", a new stem with a golden basket will grow. Author: Smirnov A.
Sunflower. Application in cosmetology
Sunflower oil is used to make fat masks. A glass of oil is lowered into a saucepan with water heated to 37-40 ° C so that it heats up. With heated oil, covering the eyes with a cotton swab, make a fatty nourishing mask. Remove the mask after 15-20 minutes with rose water or strong tea. With brittle split ends, sunflower oil is rubbed into the scalp for a while, massaged, tied with a terry towel and held over hot steam for 15-20 minutes. After some rest, the head is washed in warm water with shampoo or soap. For brittle nails, hot oil baths are recommended. Fingers after the bath are not washed, but only wiped with a rag. When working with dyes, lime, adhesives, it does not interfere with pre-lubricating hands and face with sunflower oil. Pre-prepared cutlets, schnitzels, chops will become softer and tastier if they are pre-lubricated with a mixture of sunflower oil and vinegar, taken in a 1: 1 ratio. So that the butter does not darken during frying, the hot frying pan is first smeared with sunflower oil. If you want the beans to be tastier and softer, drain the water in which they are boiled immediately after boiling, and pour cold water again, adding three tablespoons of sunflower oil to it. Author: Reva M.L.
Sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant grown in many regions of the world. It is known for its large yellow flowers and tasty seeds, which are often used in cooking. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing sunflower: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
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