Installations for biofuel combustion. Boilers for burning sludge. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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Sludge is burned in specialized fluidized bed recuperators. Exhaust gases in such boilers have a temperature of 850...900°C. Their heat is used to heat the blast air supplied to the boiler. In addition, low parameter steam is produced for heating and hot water purposes.
On fig. Figure 5.3 shows a sludge incineration plant widely used in Western Europe, manufactured by the French company Pyrofluid and modified for operating conditions in Russia by the Central Boiler and Turbine Institute. Such a plant was commissioned by the State Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal of St. Petersburg" and is operated at the treatment plant "Bely Island".
Fig.5.3. Scheme of the installation for burning sludge (click to enlarge): 1 - piston pump; 2 - centrifuge; 3 - furnace; 4 - steam to the consumer; 5 - boiler; 6 - flue gas cleaning system; 7 - output of moistened ash; 8 - blower
Raw sludge, in which the dry matter content is about 4%, is dried due to the heat of the steam produced by the boiler, a flocculant is added to it, which promotes the formation of lumps. On centrifuges 2, produced with the participation of CJSC Kirovenergomash, the liquid phase is separated. The dehydrated sludge with a dry matter content of about 30% is supplied by a piston pump 1 with a pressure of up to 8 MPa to the furnace 3, which operates as a fluidized bed furnace. The hearth grate of the furnace is loaded with a layer of gravel. Air is supplied under the grate, pumped by blower 7 and heated in the regenerative heat exchangers of the steam boiler up to 600°C. The sludge is burned in a fluidized bed, the combustion products with a temperature of 850°C are sent to the waste heat boiler 5. The steam generated in the boiler is used for the needs of the enterprise's heat supply and partially for drying the raw sludge. Outgoing gases are cleaned from ash and toxic gas impurities in scrubber 6 and are additionally heated in a heat exchanger before being released into the atmosphere.
The capacity of the plant is 62 tons of dry matter per day. Gas burners are used to kindle the boiler. The installation is highly automated, the process parameters are fully controlled by a computer control complex. The commissioning of the plant made it possible to drastically reduce the storage of sewage sludge at landfills around the city, and the transportation of hundreds of tons of foul-smelling product through the city. The cleaned flue gases comply with the most stringent modern European standards. The air and water in the region have become cleaner. Waste from the incineration plant is finely dispersed mineral ash, which can be used for the production of bricks, concrete, and facing materials.
Author: Labeish V.G.
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