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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Sea buckthorn. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Sea buckthorn (Hippophae) Family: Sea buckthorn (Elaeagnaceae) Origin: Sea buckthorn is common in Asia, Europe and North America. Area: Sea buckthorn grows in sandy plains and mountains along rivers, as well as on the coast of seas and lakes. Chemical composition: Sea buckthorn fruits contain a large amount of vitamins (C, E, K, PP), as well as carotenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, fatty acids (including omega-3 and omega-6), minerals, etc. Economic value: Sea buckthorn is used in medicine, cosmetics and food industry, and is also grown as an ornamental plant. Sea buckthorn fruits are used for the production of juices, fruit drinks, jams, jams, syrups, as well as for the preparation of butter. Sea buckthorn oil is a valuable source of fatty acids and vitamins and is used in cosmetology for skin and hair care. In addition, sea buckthorn is prescribed in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as ulcers, gastritis, skin diseases, etc. Legends, myths, symbolism: In China and Mongolia, sea buckthorn is considered a sacred plant that brings health, happiness and longevity. In Chinese mythology, sea buckthorn is a symbol of life and immortality. In Tibetan medicine, sea buckthorn oil is used to treat various diseases, as well as to maintain health. In Slavic mythology, sea buckthorn was considered a keeper plant for the souls of the dead. Sea buckthorn branches were often used to make wreaths for funerals. Also, sea buckthorn was considered a symbol of female beauty and attractiveness. In folk omens, sea buckthorn is associated with the onset of autumn and the approach of winter, when the berries become bright and beautiful.
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides. Description, illustrations of the plant Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Shrub or tree up to 6 m high, strongly branched, prickly. The leaves are alternate, linear, shiny, dark green above, silvery green below, rough. The plant is dioecious. The flowers are small; male - with a bipartite pericarp, brownish-silver, collected in a short inflorescence-ear of three to five each, female - solitary, yellowish, with a two-lobed perianth, located two to five in the axils of branches and spines. The fruit is an elongated round juicy drupe of yellow or orange color; the flesh is yellow, aromatic. Blooms in April-May. Sea buckthorn has long been growing wild in Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, the Far East and the Caucasus. The most common sea buckthorn is buckthorn. It grows on well-lit slopes and cliffs, along river banks. Many amateur gardeners grow this valuable plant on their plots. Sea buckthorn is a light and moisture-loving plant. It grows best in sandy soils. Propagated both by seeds and vegetatively. In amateur gardening, sea buckthorn is best propagated by root and lignified cuttings, as well as layering. To grow a new plant, it is enough to cut a young, pencil-sized shoot from a tree and place it in the soil, leaving two or three buds on the surface. When the stalk is strengthened, the plant can be transplanted. With all methods of reproduction, it must be borne in mind that the plant is dioecious, and when planting, it is necessary to plant one male for four or five female plants. The sex of sea buckthorn seedlings can be determined by the buds: in male plants, the buds are large, covered with many covering scales, in female plants they are small, there are only three scales. Sea buckthorn grows relatively slowly. The bush needs pruning of dried shoots and root shoots. The roots lie shallow, and this must be taken into account when tilling the soil. Seedlings begin to bear fruit at the age of seven to ten years. With vegetative propagation, sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit in four to six years. The plant responds well to fertilizers. Sea buckthorn is watered rarely, but plentifully. The normal life of the plant lasts 14-15 years. Every four to five years it is necessary to plant new seedlings or leave for replacement shoots that grow well in the planting area. The fruits ripen from late August to October. They have a bitter tart taste. Many pickers harvest sea buckthorn long before the onset of frost and do it barbarously, breaking off fruit-bearing shoots. This method of harvesting leads to a sharp decrease in the yield of sea buckthorn and to the destruction of plants. Sea buckthorn can only be harvested upon the onset of stable frosty weather; then it tastes better (acquires a sweet and sour taste and pineapple smell), and it is easy to collect it. A tarpaulin is spread under the bushes and lightly hit the branches with a stick. The crumbled fruits are aired there and transported to the place of storage. Sea buckthorn is a valuable fruit crop. The chemical composition of its fruits is rich. This is a unique natural concentrate of vitamins C, P, B1, B2, E, K, folic acid, carotene. Many scientists note the greater stability of vitamin C in sea buckthorn and in its processed products. They explain this by the absence of the enzyme ascorbinase in the fruits, which converts ascorbic acid into its inactive form. Carotene in fruits is several times higher than in the vegetables richest in them - carrots and pumpkins, therefore sea buckthorn is the most important source of industrial production of vitamin A. In terms of vitamin K content, sea buckthorn is considered the leading crop among all fruit and berry plants, with the exception of wild cloudberries. The fruits contain organic acids (linoleic and linolenic, showing the properties of vitamin F), sugars, tannins; from minerals - iron, magnesium, manganese, boron, sulfur, aluminum and titanium. In addition, fatty oils were found in them. The seeds also contain fatty oil, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, E. As the fruits ripen, the content of oil, carotene, vitamin E in them increases, and the amount of vitamins C and P gradually decreases; in frozen fruits they are much less. Tannins and alkaloids were found in the bark. Information about the healing properties of sea buckthorn is contained in ancient medical treatises. As a component of complex medicinal mixtures, sea buckthorn was used to separate sputum and pus from the lungs, to regulate the hematopoietic system. The fruits were used to treat diseases of the throat, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and joint diseases. Nowadays, the medicinal properties of sea buckthorn have been studied comprehensively. Juice, sea buckthorn oil, bark exhibit high medicinal properties. The juice stimulates the heart, has a positive effect on the blood, increases the body's defenses, and has an antimicrobial effect. Sea buckthorn is recommended for low acidity of gastric juice. In Siberia, it is used as a remedy for dysentery. Sea buckthorn fruits have hemostatic properties. They are also useful in atherosclerosis, as they remove cholesterol from the body and stimulate metabolic processes. The plant deserves special attention due to the healing properties of the oil. It promotes tissue epithelialization and wound healing, has analgesic properties, so it is used for stomach and duodenal ulcers, radiation damage to the skin, burns, frostbite, bedsores, colpitis and cervical erosion. Oil is used for beriberi, some diseases of the eyes, ear, throat, nose. It is noticed that the systematic use of sea buckthorn fruits or a decoction of young leaves promotes hair growth. Of great interest is the alkaloid hippofain isolated from the bark of sea buckthorn. It has versatile properties; in recent years, it has been found that it inhibits the development of cancer cells. Sea buckthorn fruits have nutritional value. They are eaten raw; jelly, marshmallow, jam, tincture, liquor are prepared from them. Grated with sugar, they retain all the vitamins for a long time. The juice is used to make various drinks. The cake remaining after oil production is used to feed livestock. Various crafts are made from wood. The bark is a valuable raw material for the production of tannins used in the leather industry. Sea buckthorn is known as an ornamental plant; It is also used for soil stabilization. And about one more property of sea buckthorn: the poor sandy and eroded soils afforested with it become fertile after a while. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Sea buckthorn. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
There are 3 genera and 45 species of sea buckthorn. The most common sea buckthorn is buckthorn. Shrub up to 1,5-2 m high, branched, thorny or tree 1,5-5 m high, up to 30 cm thick. It grows slowly, bears fruit abundantly from 4-5 years of age. It is undemanding to the soil, frost- and drought-resistant. The roots are well developed, numerous offspring branch out in the upper layers of the soil and go as deep as 140 cm. There are nodules on the roots with bacteria that absorb air nitrogen well. The branches are multiple, protruding, with hard spines 3-5 cm long. Young stems are covered with light scales and silvery hairs. With age, they darken, become yellow-brown. The leaves are numerous, short-petiolate, simple, alternate, linear-lanceolate, greenish above with star-shaped scales, silvery below. It blooms in May - April, before the leaves bloom or at the same time. The plant is dioecious. Male flowers - staminate, small, silvery-brown, form short spikes with perianths, located on young twigs in the axils of the lower leaves. Female - pistillate, yellowish, with tubular two-lobed perianths, arranged in bunches on short peduncles. Pollinated by the wind. The fruits are spherical-oval drupes on short stalks 4-10 mm in size, orange or yellow-orange in color with different shades, juicy, fragrant, sour-sweet, densely sticking to the branches. They ripen from August, remain on the branches until March - April. The fruits contain organic acids, sugars, tannins, vitamins C, B1, B2, E, P, carotene, folic acid, glycosides, fatty oil; seeds - carotene, fatty oil, vitamin B1, B2, E. Alkaloids, tannins were found in the bark; in the leaves - vitamin C, flavonoids, phytoncides, trace elements. Good honey plant. For economic purposes, yellow is obtained from the fruits of sea buckthorn, and black dye is obtained from the leaves. Small crafts are made from sea buckthorn hardwood. Leaves are used in tanning leather. Sea buckthorn is planted for decorative landscaping along rivers, lakes, to create protective strips, to strengthen slopes and ravines. It is bred on plantations as a medicinal plant by rooted cuttings. Up to 1-1 tons of fruits are harvested from 1,5 ha of cultivated sea buckthorn. In nutrition, fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn are used. They make jam, jam, jelly, jam, juices, etc. Sea buckthorn in sugar. Rinse the sea buckthorn, put it in an enamel bowl, sprinkle with sugar and stir so that some of the fruits are crushed. Pour the mass into half-liter jars, filling them 4/5 of the volume, pour sugar on top, cover with parchment paper and tie. 1 kg of sea buckthorn, 1,2 kg of sugar. Sea buckthorn juice. Mash ripe fruits, add warm boiled water (40 ° C), slightly warm, squeeze out the juice, pour into sterilized jars or bottles and pasteurize at 85 ° C: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 20 minutes. Seal hermetically. 1 kg of sea buckthorn, 200-400 ml of water. Concentrated juice can be obtained without adding water. Sea buckthorn compote. Boil the fruits until cooked in 45% sugar syrup, pour into sterilized jars, pasteurize for 10-15 minutes and cork. Store in a cool place. 1 kg of sea buckthorn, 450 g of sugar, 550 ml of water. Fruit compote with sea buckthorn. Blanch pear and apple slices with sea buckthorn fruits, arrange in sterilized jars, pour hot (80-85 ° C) 45% sugar syrup and pasteurize: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 25 minutes. Seal tightly. Pears, apples and sea buckthorn equally, 450 g of sugar per 1 liter of water. Sea buckthorn jam. Pour the fruits with hot sugar syrup and leave for 2-3 hours. Then drain the syrup, boil for 10 minutes, cool, immerse the fruits in it and cook until tender. 1 kg of sea buckthorn, 1,2-1,5 kg of sugar. Sea buckthorn jam with walnuts. Grind the nut kernels, cook in 45% sugar syrup for 25 minutes, add sea buckthorn fruits and continue cooking until cooked for another 20 minutes. 1 kg of sea buckthorn, 400 g of walnuts, 1,5 kg of sugar, 400 ml of water. Sea buckthorn jelly. Squeeze the juice from the fruits, add sugar, boil over low heat until the consistency of jelly, cool, pour into molds. 1 liter of juice, 600 g of sugar. Kissel from sea buckthorn. Boil the fruits until tender, strain, add sugar to the broth, pour in the diluted starch, bring to a boil, cool, pour into vases. 200 g of sea buckthorn, 1 liter of water, sugar and starch to taste. Sea buckthorn puree. Rinse the fruits, dry and rub, add sugar, mix, heat to 70 ° C, place in sterilized jars and pasteurize for 20-30 minutes in boiling water. Seal banks. 1 kg of sea buckthorn, 800 g of sugar. Sea buckthorn pastille. After squeezing the juice, pour the sea buckthorn pulp with water, boil for 2-3 minutes, pass through a meat grinder, add sugar, cook over low heat until the consistency of marshmallow and arrange on plates or parchment paper moistened with water. Dry marshmallows in the air, cut, sprinkle with powdered sugar or sand. For long-term storage, arrange in glass jars, cover with lids. 1 kg of pulp, 500 g of sugar. Sea buckthorn drink. Leaves of sea buckthorn and mint pour boiling water, leave for 2-4 hours, strain, add sugar, honey. Drink chilled. 30 g of sea buckthorn and mint leaves, 1-1,5 liters of water, 50 g of honey, sugar to taste. Sea buckthorn tea. Dry the sea buckthorn leaves, mix with the leaves of St. John's wort, black currant, cherry in equal proportions. Brew like tea. In folk medicine, fruits, leaves, young branches, sea buckthorn seeds are used. They have a wound healing, multivitamin, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, laxative, analgesic effect. Fruits improve digestion, normalize metabolism, protect against thrombosis, help delay the growth of pathological tissues, strengthen hair roots. Infusion of sea buckthorn fruits. 25 g of fruits insist in 250 ml of water for 4 hours, strain. Apply for skin rashes. Infusion of fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn. Infuse 20 g of fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn in 250 ml of warm boiled water for 6 hours, strain. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day for scurvy, beriberi, night blindness, gout, rheumatism. A decoction of sea buckthorn seeds. Boil 10-15 g of sea buckthorn seeds in 250 ml of water for 10 minutes over low heat, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day for constipation. A decoction of leaves and branches of sea buckthorn. Boil 10 g of crushed leaves and branches in 250 ml of water for 20 minutes, strain. Drink 1-2 tablespoons 4 times a day for diarrhea. A decoction of sea buckthorn fruits. Boil 20 g of fruits in 250 ml of water for 20 minutes, strain. Apply externally for hair loss. Steamed leaves of sea buckthorn apply to sore spots for rheumatism, gout. Sea buckthorn oil. 1. Squeeze juice from ripe sea buckthorn fruits. Dry the pulp at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C, grind, pour in a glass or enamel bowl with vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, corn) heated to a temperature of 40-45 ° C so that it covers it from above, and leave for 5-7 days at room temperature in a dark place, shaking occasionally. The settled top layer - sea buckthorn oil - carefully pour into a glass jar. Store in a cool, dark place. 2. Pour dried and crushed pulp with vegetable oil heated to a temperature of 40-45 ° C in a ratio of 1: 1,5. Leave for 5-8 days, stirring daily. Then squeeze the oil, filter, keep in a dark place until it becomes transparent, separate from the sediment. Keep refrigerated. 3. Pour dried, crushed pomace with sunflower oil in a ratio of 1:2, heat in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C for several hours, squeeze. External use of oil for long-term non-healing wounds, ulcers, burns, frostbite, radiation treatment of skin cancer, mucous membranes. Do enemas, tampons, suppositories, drops for ulcerated hemorrhoids, trophic ulcers, bedsores, creeping ulcer of the cornea of the eye, radiation treatment of cancer of the rectum, female genital organs. Inside, sea buckthorn oil is used for cancer of the esophagus, oral mucosa, throat, with their radiation treatment, for the treatment of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sea buckthorn, acute diseases of the pancreas, gallbladder, liver. Fruits, leaves, young branches of sea buckthorn are harvested. The fruits are harvested in autumn. At this time, they contain the greatest amount of vitamins, acquire a sour-sweet taste. Store in a wooden container in a cool place. For sea buckthorn oil, the fruits are harvested later. They should be light yellow or red-orange, sour taste, pineapple smell. In winter, frozen fruits are removed in cloudy weather or under moonlight at a temperature of minus 10 ° C, since the shell of the fruit thaws in the sun and is easily separated from the pulp. Protect from defrosting during transportation. The collection is carried out with gloves so as not to injure the hands with thorns. A litter is spread under the bush, they hit the trunk with a stick, shaking off the branches. Store frozen in a cold place. Shelf life - several months. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.
Buckthorn buckthorn, Нірpophae rhamnoides L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
The goat family is Elaeagnaceae. Dioecious plant. Shrub or tree 5-15 m high. Leaves are alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, grayish-green above, brownish or yellowish-silver-white below. The flowers are unisexual, regular, with a simple calyx perianth, staminate flowers are collected in short inflorescences-ears; pistillates are located in the axils of twigs and spines, on very short pedicels. The fruit is a juicy smooth shiny orange, red or yellow spherical, ovoid or elliptical drupe with a peculiar smell and taste. The stone is oblong-ovoid, sometimes almost black, shiny. Blooms in April - May. The fruits ripen in August - September. Eurasian look. It is widely cultivated as a soil-reinforcing species along beams and ravines. Fruits contain 3-6% sugars (glucose and fructose), organic acids (up to 2,5%), malic, tartaric, etc., tannins, yellow coloring pigment quercetin, as well as a rich set of vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid (0,270-0,316%), tocopherol (0,008), carotene (up to 0,010), fatty oil (9 in the pulp, 12% in the bones). The oil from the pulp of the fruit has a bright orange color, from the seeds it is yellowish. Oil from seeds and pulp differs somewhat in composition. Fruit pulp oil contains up to 0,350% carotene and carotenoids, thiamine and riboflavin, a fairly large amount (0,165%) tocopherol and a significant amount of vitamin F, which regulates skin metabolism. In the leaves and bark, the alkaloid hippofain (up to 0,4%), 0,262-0,370% ascorbic acid and up to 10 tannins were found, in the bark - up to 3% fatty oil of a different composition than in fruits and seeds. Sea buckthorn occupies one of the first places among vitamin carriers. Frozen fruits retain vitamins for 6 months. Sea buckthorn fruits have nutritional value, they are eaten fresh and canned as a spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring additive. Sea buckthorn juice is prepared from sea buckthorn with the smell of pineapple, puree, jam, marmalade, jam, candy fillings. Juice is used to produce and flavor wine, soft drinks, liqueurs, tinctures. Fresh fruits after freezing somewhat lose their bitterness and are used to make jelly, tinctures and jellies. They are the raw material for obtaining sea buckthorn oil - a valuable multivitamin preparation widely used in medicine. The oil has wound healing and analgesic properties, it is used to treat phlegmonous acne, psoriasis, Darier's disease, burns, frostbite, eczema, ulcerative lupus, poorly healing wounds, cracks, some diseases of the eyes, ear, throat, as a vitamin remedy for hypo- and avitaminosis, with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, radiation damage to the body, as a prophylactic to reduce generative changes in the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach due to radiation therapy of tumors, as well as in gynecological practice for colpitis, endocervitis and erosion of the cervix. An alcoholic extract from the bark has antitumor properties; in an experiment with animals, it inhibited the growth and development of transplanted tumors. Physiological action determines the alkaloid hippofain.
In folk medicine, the oil is used orally for beriberi (scurvy, night blindness), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Leaves in Central Asia are used externally for rheumatism. In cosmetics, nourishing masks are prepared from sea buckthorn oil, which accelerate the epithelization and granulation of skin tissues; a decoction of fruits and branches is used for baldness and hair loss, seeds - as a mild laxative. Outwardly, the fruits and oil of sea buckthorn are used for rashes, eczema, for the treatment of long-term healing wounds, ulcers, and women's diseases. In veterinary medicine, sea buckthorn branches are used to accelerate the growth of wool in sheep and to give it shine. The leaves can be used for tanning and dyeing leather. In the past, fabrics and wool were dyed yellow with fruits, black paint was obtained from young shoots and leaves. The powerful root system of sea buckthorn can be used to secure slopes, ravines, slopes and cuts of railways, highways and canals. Widely cultivated as a vitamin-bearing and ornamental plant. Large-fruited low-thorn forms were selected for culture. Valuable honey plant. Used as a hedge near apiaries. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L. Botanical description, range and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Shrub or tree of the Elaeagnaceae family, 1,5-6 m high, with brown-green or black bark and numerous branches with spines 2-7 mm long. The leaves are simple, alternate, linear, 2-8 cm long, grayish-green above, slightly yellowish or brownish-silver-white below. The flowers are dioecious, inconspicuous, the fruits are juicy orange drupes, densely sticking to the ends of the branches, for which this plant is called sea buckthorn. Blossoms in April-May at the same time as the leaves bloom, the fruits ripen in September-October. Range and habitats. In the wild, it is distributed throughout Europe, the Caucasus, Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, and enters the tropical regions of Pakistan and India. It is found in the European part of Russia, in the North Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. Sea buckthorn thickets are usually confined to river floodplains and lake shores. It is bred in gardens and parks as an ornamental plant. Chemical composition. Sea buckthorn fruits are classified as a multivitamin. They contain provitamins A (up to 10,9 mg%) and vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E, K, etc.). Fruits contain 3-6% sugars (glucose and fructose), organic acids (up to 2,5%) - malic, tartaric, etc., tannins, yellow coloring pigment quercetin, fatty oil (9% in pulp, 12% in seeds ). In the leaves and bark, the alkaloid hippofain (up to 0,4%), ascorbic acid and up to 10 different tannins were found, in the bark - up to 3% fatty oil of a different composition than in fruits and seeds. Fatty oil accumulates in the fruits, which consists of triacylglycerols with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated (palmitoleic, oleic) acids predominate among the latter; pectin, organic acids, tannins, flavonoids, nicotinic and folic acids, macro- and microelements (boron, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium, calcium), sugars and some types of plant antibiotics. The oil from the pulp of the fruit has a bright orange color, from the seeds it is yellowish. Oil from seeds and pulp differs somewhat in composition. Fruit pulp oil contains up to 0,350% carotene and carotenoids, thiamine and riboflavin, a fairly large amount (0,165%) tocopherol and a significant amount of essential fatty acids. Application in medicine. Sea buckthorn leaves accumulate tannins, which are the active principle of the drug - hyporamine, which has antiviral activity. Obtained from the leaves of sea buckthorn, hyporamine in the form of lozenges is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for influenza (A and B), as well as in the treatment of other acute respiratory viral infections. The oil has wound healing and analgesic properties, it is used to treat psoriasis, Darier's disease, burns, frostbite, eczema, ulcerative lupus, poorly healing wounds, cracks, some diseases of the eyes, ear, throat, as a vitamin remedy for hypo- and beriberi, with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, radiation injuries of the body, as a prophylactic to reduce generative changes in the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach due to radiation therapy of tumors, as well as in gynecological practice for colpitis, endocervitis (Cervicitis) and erosion of the cervix. It has a nutritional, anti-inflammatory, regenerating and biostimulating effect, is included in the preparations "Olazol", "Hypozol" and "Oblekol". The seeds are used as a mild laxative. Outwardly, the fruits and oil of sea buckthorn are used for rashes, eczema, for the treatment of long-term healing wounds, ulcers, and women's diseases. Other uses. Sea buckthorn fruits serve as a raw material for obtaining a food product - sea buckthorn juice, and dried fruit pulp is used to obtain (by extraction with sunflower oil) sea buckthorn oil used in medicine. Sea buckthorn can also be cultivated as an ornamental plant with beautiful, olive-green leaves above and silvery below. Suitable for creating hedges. Due to its powerful root system, sea buckthorn is used to fix slopes, ravines, slopes and excavations of railways, highways and canals, to strengthen sandy soils and prevent landslides. In veterinary medicine, sea buckthorn branches are used to accelerate the growth of wool in sheep and to give it shine. The leaves can be used for tanning and dyeing leather. In the past, fabrics and wool were dyed yellow with fruits, black paint was obtained from young shoots and leaves. The plant is wind-pollinated, its flowers practically lack nectar. The so-called "sea buckthorn honey" in everyday life is a syrup made from sea buckthorn berries. Sea buckthorn fruits have nutritional value, they are eaten fresh and canned as a spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring additive. Sea buckthorn juice is prepared from sea buckthorn with the smell of pineapple, puree, jam, marmalade, jam, candy fillings. Juice is used to obtain and flavor wine, soft drinks, liqueurs, tinctures; fresh fruits, after freezing, somewhat lose their bitterness and are used to make jelly, tinctures and jellies. In cosmetics, nourishing masks are prepared from sea buckthorn oil, which accelerate the epithelization and granulation of skin tissues; a decoction of fruits and branches is used for baldness and hair loss. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Sea buckthorn is a branchy tree-like shrub from the goat family, 2-6 m high, with dark green or gray bark. Leaves linear, lanceolate, with short petioles. The flowers are small, yellow, fragrant. Fruits - juicy drupes the size of a pea, orange and reddish in color, sour-sweet taste. They are located at the ends of the branches, densely sticking around them. Productivity - from 2 to 113 centners per hectare. Other types of sea buckthorn (Tibetan and loose-leaved) are of lesser economic importance. Sea buckthorn fruits are considered a pantry of vitamins and other substances useful to humans. The amount of ascorbic acid in various varieties ranges from 50 to 450 mg%, vitamin E - from 8 to 16 mg%, B - 0,35 mg%, B2 - 0,3 mg%, folic acid - up to 0,79 mg% , vitamin K - 1,2 mg%, P - 75 -100 mg%, provitamin A (carotene) - from 0,3 to 8,5 mg%. The fruit pulp contains up to 9% sea buckthorn oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic), sugar (up to 8,5%) and organic acids (2,7%). The amount of pectin substances ranges from 0,3-0,4%. In addition, 15 different trace elements were found in the fruits, including iron, manganese, boron, aluminum, silicon, titanium, and magnesium. Juices, jelly, jams, marshmallows, preserves, liqueurs are prepared from sea buckthorn fruits. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin name of the genus is a latinized form of the Greek name of the plant hippophaes, which comes from hippos - horse and phaos - shine. It was believed that horses fed with sea buckthorn leaves had a particularly shiny skin. The specific epithet rhamnoides comes from the name of the buckthorn (Rhamnos) and oides - similar. The Russian name "sea buckthorn" is associated with a large number of berries on the branches, which, under favorable conditions for the existence of the plant, literally "stick around" the branches. A multi-stem deciduous shrub, rarely a tree, the height of which usually reaches 1-3 m, and sometimes 3-6 m (up to a maximum of 15 m). Young shoots are silvery, pubescent; perennial - covered with dark brown, almost black bark. Shortened shoots with numerous long spines. Shoots of different ages create a rounded, pyramidal or spreading crown. The root system of sea buckthorn develops close to the surface, no deeper than 40 cm, spreading over a wide area. The root system consists of skeletal, semi-skeletal, weakly branching roots, on which nodules are formed containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The leaves are alternate, simple, linear or linear-lanceolate, grayish-green above, brownish or yellowish-silver-white below. Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, on some bushes female flowers grow, from which fruits are formed, on others - male flowers, the pollen of which pollinates female flowers with the help of wind. The flowers are regular, with a simple calyx perianth. Staminate (male) flowers are collected in short inflorescences - spikes. Pistillate (female) are located in the axils of twigs and spines, on very short pedicels. Sea buckthorn blooms in April-May. Sea buckthorn is a wind-pollinated plant; nectar is practically absent in its flowers. The so-called "sea buckthorn honey" in everyday life is a syrup made from sea buckthorn berries. Sea buckthorn fruits are round or oval smooth drupes (a false fruit consisting of a nut covered with an overgrown receptacle) - yellowish-golden, red or orange in color, with one seed, shiny, juicy, with a peculiar taste and smell reminiscent of the smell of pineapple. The stone is oblong-ovoid, sometimes almost black, shiny. The fruits ripen in August-September. The fruits are harvested by "sniffing" the branches during their ripening, when they acquire a yellow-orange or orange color, are elastic and do not crush when harvested. Less commonly, fruits are harvested by shaking off frozen fruits from plants. In the wild, it is distributed throughout Europe, the Caucasus, Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, and enters the tropical regions of Pakistan and India. It is found in the European part of Russia, in the North Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. Sea buckthorn thickets are usually confined to sandy habitats - river floodplains, lake shores, sea dunes. Sea buckthorn fruits are classified as multivitamins - they contain provitamins A (up to 10,9 mg%) and vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E, K, etc.). The fruits also contain 3-6% sugars (glucose and fructose), organic acids (up to 2,5%) - malic, tartaric, etc., tannins, yellow coloring pigment quercetin, fatty oil (9% in pulp, 12% in bones). In the leaves and bark, the alkaloid hippofain (up to 0,4%), ascorbic acid and up to 10 different tannins were found, in the bark - up to 3% fatty oil of a different composition than in fruits and seeds. Fatty oil accumulates in the fruits, which consists of triacylglycerols with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated (palmitoleic, oleic) acids predominate among the latter; pectin, organic acids, tannins, flavonoids, nicotinic and folic acids, macro- and microelements (boron, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium, calcium), sugars and some types of plant antibiotics. The oil from the pulp of the fruit has a bright orange color, from the seeds it is yellowish. Oil from seeds and pulp differs somewhat in composition. Fruit pulp oil contains up to 0,350% carotene and carotenoids, thiamine and riboflavin, a fairly large amount (0,165%) tocopherol and a significant amount of essential fatty acids. The fruits of sea buckthorn are edible sour-bitter with a slight pineapple aroma, hence the other name Siberian pineapple. They have nutritional value, they are eaten fresh and canned, as well as spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring additives. Sea buckthorn juice is prepared from sea buckthorn with the smell of pineapple, puree, jam, marmalade, jam, candy fillings. Juice is used to produce and flavor wine, soft drinks, liqueurs, tinctures. Frozen fruits retain vitamins for 6 months. After freezing, the fruits lose their bitterness somewhat and are used to make jelly, tinctures and jellies. Medicinal raw materials are all parts of the plant - fruits (Fructus Hippophaes rhamnoides recens), seeds and leaves, young twigs, bark and roots. Sea buckthorn oil, juice are made from berries, and roots, leaves, bark are used to prepare decoctions, infusions, tinctures. Harvesting of sea buckthorn is done when the fruits ripen, when they accumulate the largest amount of oil. The fruits are harvested in dry weather, cleaned of twigs and leaves and frozen (frozen berries perfectly retain all their beneficial properties), or oil and juice are prepared from the fruits. Leaves and twigs are harvested in June, and also during the picking of berries, they are dried and then brewed as tea. Sea buckthorn leaves accumulate tannins, which are the active principle of the drug - hyporamine, which has antiviral activity. Obtained from the leaves of sea buckthorn, hyporamine in the form of lozenges is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for influenza (A and B), as well as in the treatment of other acute respiratory viral infections. Sea buckthorn oil has wound healing and analgesic properties, it is used to treat psoriasis, Darier's disease, burns, frostbite, eczema, ulcerative lupus, poorly healing wounds, cracks, some diseases of the eyes, ear, throat, as a vitamin remedy for hypo- and beriberi, with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, radiation injuries of the body, as a prophylactic to reduce generative changes in the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach due to radiation therapy of tumors, as well as in gynecological practice with colpitis, endocervitis and erosion of the cervix. It has a nutritional, anti-inflammatory, regenerating and biostimulating effect, is included in the preparations "Olazol", "Hypozol" and "Oblekol". In cosmetics, nourishing masks are prepared from sea buckthorn oil, which accelerate the epithelization and granulation of skin tissues; a decoction of fruits and branches is used for baldness and hair loss. The seeds are used as a mild laxative. Sea buckthorn is a medicinal plant and helps to get rid of various diseases, but like any medicine, this amazing plant also has contraindications for use. So, sea buckthorn is contraindicated in acute diseases of the liver, gallbladder, and indigestion. It is not recommended to use sea buckthorn juice and berries for people suffering from urolithiasis (sea buckthorn increases the acidity of urine), with cholecystitis, with gastric and duodenal ulcers, with hyperacid gastritis, since juice and berries contain a lot of organic acids that increase the secretion of gastric juice. Sea buckthorn oil is contraindicated for use in a number of diseases of the pancreas - in acute pancreatitis. Sea buckthorn contains many biologically active substances, which can cause allergic reactions, so people prone to allergies should eat berries with caution and use sea buckthorn preparations for treatment, as well as individual intolerance. Sea buckthorn can also be cultivated as an ornamental plant with beautiful, olive-green leaves above and silvery below. Suitable for creating hedges. Due to its powerful root system, sea buckthorn is used to fix slopes, ravines, slopes and excavations of railways, highways and canals, to strengthen sandy soils and prevent landslides. The leaves can be used for tanning and dyeing leather. In the past, fabrics and wool were dyed yellow with fruits, black paint was obtained from young shoots and leaves. In veterinary medicine, sea buckthorn branches are used to accelerate the growth of wool in sheep and to give it shine. Traditional healers for treatment use not only fruits, but leaves and branches, roots, bark, seeds of the plant, from which tincture, decoctions, infusions, oil, juice are prepared. In folk medicine, sea buckthorn oil is used orally for beriberi (scurvy, night blindness), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Leaves in Central Asia are used externally for rheumatism. Outwardly, the fruits and oil of sea buckthorn are used for rashes, eczema, for the treatment of long-term healing wounds, ulcers, and women's diseases. Sea buckthorn is a photophilous and frost-resistant plant, it can tolerate frosts down to -45 degrees and below. Sea buckthorn prefers loose soils rich in organic matter and phosphorus. In wet areas, the plant dies. The frost resistance of sea buckthorn allows it to be grown in the northern regions. After the healing properties of the fruits and oil of sea buckthorn were established, they began to cultivate it as a valuable vitamin plant and began to grow it in household plots and industrial plantations. Fruiting of sea buckthorn begins 3-4 years after planting, on average, one bush produces 10-12 kg of fruit. The sea buckthorn fly (Rhagoletis batava) causes great damage to sea buckthorn crops in culture, damaging most of the fruits on each affected plant. The leaves are affected by Verticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahliae and the relatively recently discovered sea buckthorn aphid (Capithophorus hippophaes).
Sea buckthorn. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Branched shrub or small tree (4-6 m high) of the Lochaceae family. Distributed in Eurasia, Eastern and Western Siberia, southern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The fruits are spherical drupes, sitting on a very short stalk. It seems that they sit directly on the branches, as if clinging to them (hence the name of the plant). Ripe berries taste bitter, but after the first frost, the bitterness disappears and they become pleasantly sour. Fragrant fruits with the smell of pineapples are used fresh to obtain juice, tinctures, wine, liqueurs, canned food, jams, marshmallows, jelly and jelly. Pitted, they are preserved with sugar. The pulp contains a large set of vitamins - C (up to 900 mg%), B1 (up to 0,035), B2 (up to 0,060), B6, E (up to 150), E, P, F, folic acid (up to 0,80), provitamin A - carotene (up to 60 mg%), as well as organic acids (up to 2,6%, mainly malic, tartaric, nicotinic), tannins, sugars (up to 4%), fatty oils, inositol and trace elements (iron, boron , manganese). Fruit seeds contain fatty oil (up to 12,5%), vitamins B1, B2, E and tannin (up to 10%). The branches contain up to 10% tannins, and the alkaloid hippofein is found in the bark. The fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn were used in ancient Mongolian, Chinese and Tibetan folk medicine in the treatment of gastric diseases, rheumatism, and skin diseases. In ancient Greece, people and animals were treated with decoctions from the leaves and branches of the plant. In folk medicine, a decoction of fruits has long been used for gastric diseases, a decoction of fruits combined with leaves - for rheumatism and gout, a decoction of seeds - as a laxative. In folk cosmetics, a decoction of fruits and branches, fruit juice was used for internal and external use for hair loss and baldness. Sea buckthorn occupies one of the first places among vitamin carriers. In frozen fruits, vitamins are stored for up to six months. Sea buckthorn juice is an excellent vitamin, tonic and antitussive agent (in the latter case with honey). Red-fruited forms are used to produce sea buckthorn oil, a valuable multivitamin preparation widely used in medicine. There is evidence of the bactericidal action of the oil. It has healing and pain relieving properties. It is a thick liquid of red-orange color with a characteristic taste and smell, consisting of a mixture of carotene and carotenoids (110 mg%), vitamin E (110 mg%) and glycerides of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids. Sea buckthorn oil is recommended for the treatment of phlegmonous acne, scaly lichen, Darier's disease, burns, frostbite, bedsores, eczema, ulcerative lupus, poorly healing ulcers, cracks, some diseases of the eyes, ear, throat, as a vitamin remedy for hypo- and avitaminosis A, with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (a teaspoon 2-3 times a day), radiation injuries, as a preventive measure to reduce degenerative changes in the mucous membranes of the esophagus of the stomach due to radiation therapy of tumors, as well as in gynecological practice for colpitis, endocervitis, endometritis and cervical erosion. An alcoholic extract from the bark has antitumor properties; in an animal experiment, it inhibited the growth and development of transplanted tumors. Reception of sea buckthorn oil is contraindicated in patients with acute cholecystitis, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and diseases of the pancreas. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Sea buckthorn. Features of planting and growing
Sea buckthorn is one of the most unpretentious and hardy fruit crops. Features of cultivation and care. Pair landing. The main feature of sea buckthorn is dioeciousness. Alone, sea buckthorn is not planted if they want to get berries. Fruiting sea buckthorn is a beautiful sight and a real decoration of the garden. More female plants. There is no need for every female plant to plant a male. Each bush with male flowers can pollinate up to 5 female ones. Male plants die more often than female ones; for safety net, it is better to plant more of them. direction of pollination. Sea buckthorn is a crop pollinated by the wind, so it is necessary to take into account its direction. Careful loosening. The root system of sea buckthorn is located close to the surface of the earth. When digging and loosening the soil, this must be taken into account. After each watering - loosening. Due to the peculiarities of the root system of sea buckthorn, the soil in its near-stem circle should always be loosened. Planting material. Sea buckthorn is usually propagated using seedlings. Due attention must be paid to the selection of planting material. Firstly, it is better to buy seedlings in trusted stores, or in the market from trusted sellers. Properly bred sea buckthorn, scientifically selected for your region, will always delight you with a plentiful harvest and delicious berries. Secondly, when choosing seedlings, it should be remembered that sea buckthorn is a plant pollinated by the wind, and therefore it will be necessary to plant "male" and "female" plants. They can be distinguished by the shape of the kidney. Buds in female plants are much shorter than male plants, have two covering scales, in male plants the buds are more magnificent and have many scales. Signs of a healthy seedling:
Landing. Sea buckthorn is usually planted in early spring, when the soil has already thawed enough (April - May) or in autumn (October). For planting, you need to choose an open, sunny place with light, neutral soil. Clay and acidic soils are not suitable for it. In order for sea buckthorn to grow well and bear fruit abundantly, you need to choose the right place for its planting. It should be at a considerable distance (at least 5-6 m) from the cultivated land. Sea buckthorn roots do not lie deep, but spread over a large area, so they are easily damaged when digging the earth. A plant with a damaged root begins to bear fruit poorly, get sick and may die. When planting sea buckthorn, attention should be paid to the alternation of male and female plants. Male bushes should be planted at least 2 (in case of death of one plant) at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other, and 5-10 m from female plants. This will be enough for pollination. Ideally, male and female sea buckthorn plants should be planted in a ratio of 1 to 5. Sea buckthorn is planted in a hole 50 cm deep, covered with earth up to the root collar. The first years the ground part of the plant grows poorly, because the root system develops. Care. Loosening. After each rain or watering, the soil is loosened, and at the same time weeds are removed. Sea buckthorn roots are covered with nodules - bacteria live in them, which, assimilating nitrogen from the air, enrich the soil with nitrogenous compounds. The latter are vital to the plant. If the soil is covered with a crust, the air will not flow to the roots, as a result, it will receive less nutrition. When loosening, consider the features of the root system of sea buckthorn. In order not to damage the roots close to the surface of the earth, do not loosen the soil deeper than 6-7 cm. Digging the soil in the trunk circle is not recommended at all. Mulching To reduce the amount of loosening and the risk of injury to the roots, sprinkle the tree trunks with mulch. For this purpose, humus or compost is suitable - it can be prepared, for example, from potato tops or birch leaves. top dressing Sea buckthorn has a developed root system capable of retaining nitrogen and practically does not require fertilizer. Once every 3-4 years, 4 kg of compost per 1 m2 can be applied to the place of sea buckthorn growth. Every autumn, 50 g of superphosphate can be applied under the root. Sea buckthorn is moisture-loving, in nature it grows on the banks of rivers, so in a dry summer it is necessary to water the plants at the rate of 2 buckets of water per bush. Pruning. Sea buckthorn is pruned in early spring before bud formation, wounds are treated with garden pitch, as it does not tolerate pruning well. On young plants, the buds are cut to 5-6 pieces per bush. Branches older than 6-7 years should also be pruned, as they begin to bear fruit poorly. An old sea buckthorn tree can be completely cut down, and new shoots will grow from the remaining hemp. Dried branches should be removed every autumn. Author: Zorina A.
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a shrub of the sea buckthorn family that can reach a height of up to 6 meters. Cultivation:
Preparation and storage:
Sea buckthorn is a very useful plant due to its high content of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Its fruits have a sweet and sour taste and are used to make juices, marmalades, jams and other products. See also Article Sea buckthorn. Features of planting and growing
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