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Carrot wild. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Carrot wild, Daucus carota. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

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Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae family)

Origin: Presumably, the wild carrot (Daucus carota) comes from Central Asia or from the peripheral part of the Mediterranean.

Area: The wild carrot grows throughout the world, including Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America.

Chemical composition: Carrot roots contain water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, mineral salts, carotene (the pigment that gives carrots their orange color), vitamins (especially vitamin A and vitamin K), and other biologically active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. .

Economic value: Wild carrots are not of wide economic importance, since their root crops are smaller and more bitter than those of cultivated varieties of carrots. However, it is used as a source of genetic materials for the creation of new varieties of carrots and as a source of food for wild animals.

Legends, myths, symbolism: Symbolically, carrots can be associated with the idea of ​​a healthy diet and healthy lifestyle, as well as the concept of beauty and skin health. It can be associated with the concepts of fertility and women's health in various cultures and traditions.

Carrot wild, Daucus carota. Description, illustrations of the plant

Wild carrot, Daucus carota L., common carrot, D. sativus (Hoffm.) Roechl. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use

Celery family - Apiaceae.

Biennial, rarely annual plant.

The root is thin, white, spindle-shaped, long. The stem 25-100 cm high develops in the second year of life, simple or branched in the upper part, longitudinally furrowed, woolly-hairy, like the leaves, rarely almost naked. The leaves are triangular, ovate, or twice or thrice oblong-pinnately dissected.

Flowers partly bisexual, partly staminate; calyx teeth small; petals are white or yellowish.

The inflorescence is a complex umbrella. The fruits are elliptical, consisting of two semi-fruits with four ribs, equipped with long spikes.

Blooms in June - July. The fruits ripen in August.

It grows wild in Europe, North Africa, Western and Central Asia.

All parts of the plant contain essential oil, which gives them a specific smell. The yield of essential oil varies depending on the habitat. In the fruits of wild carrots, up to 7,5% of essential oil was found, which included 60 geranyl acetate, 12-14% geraniol.

The composition of the essential oil from the aerial part of the wild carrot growing in Moldova contains the following components: alpha- and beta-pinene, camphene, sabinene, alpha- and beta-phellandrene, alpha- and gamma-terpinene, limonene, n-cymol, dautzen, beta-elemen, caryophyllene, chamazulene, gamma-cadinene, bergapten, carotol, daucol, aporenone, unipercamphor, geraniol, geranyl acetate, etc.

Geranyl acetate and geraniol are the main components of the essential oil, their content is 59 and 14%, respectively.

The most valuable component is geraniol, which is used in perfumery. Geraniol has antibacterial activity against diphtheria bacillus and hemolytic streptococcus. Essential oil from the roots of wild carrots (yield 0,01%) contains alpha- and beta-pinene, carotol, aliphatic aldehydes, formic and acetic acids. In fruits up to 20% fatty oil, as well as flavone derivatives.

The roots of cultivated red and yellow meat varieties contain 0,0046-0,0090% carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic and ascorbic acids, sugars (4,5-15%), flavonoids, fatty and essential oils, umbelliferone, calcium salts, phosphorus, iron, trace elements cobalt, copper, boron, iodine, etc.

Carrot seeds contain up to 1,6% of essential oil, the components of which are alpha- and beta-pinene, limonene, geraniol, citral, carotol, azaron, etc., fatty oil, including glycerides of petroselinic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. The flowers contain the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, as well as anthocyanin compounds.

Carrots have been used by humans for about 4 thousand years. Mentioned by the ancient Greeks and Romans. At first it was cultivated as a medicinal plant, and then as a food and fodder plant.

The roots and fruits of wild and cultivated carrots can be used as a spice. The fruits, which have a burning spicy taste, are used as a seasoning for dishes, used in marinades, liquor production. Tested and approved as a spice in fish processing.

The fruits can be used in the canning industry. Root crops of cultivated carrots are used as food in raw and boiled form for the preparation of first and second courses, pies, marinades, canned food, etc. Carotene and carrot juice are obtained from carrots.

In terms of carotene content, carrots are second only to sweet peppers. Under the influence of a liver enzyme (in the presence of fat), it is converted into vitamin A, which contributes to normal metabolism, growth, physical and mental development of the body, increases resistance to infections, and ensures the normal function of the organs of vision.

To satisfy a person's daily need for vitamin A, it is enough to eat 18-20 g of carrots.

Carrots and carrot juice are prescribed for patients with hypo- and avitaminosis A, but in case of liver diseases and reduced thyroid function, the treatment of avitaminosis A with carrot juice is ineffective. In this case, it is useful for patients to prescribe synthetic vitamin A.

It has been experimentally established that carrot activates intracellular redox processes, regulates carbohydrate metabolism, promotes epithelialization and has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing properties.

Treatment with carrot juice is recommended for diseases associated with impaired mineral metabolism (cholelithiasis, metabolic polyarthritis). The use of carrot juice in the first days after myocardial infarction is shown, as well as for pregnant women, nursing mothers, children and persons whose eyesight is subject to increased requirements.

Fresh carrot juice is also used for anemia, hypoacid gastritis, it also has antihelminthic properties (especially in relation to pinworms). However, fresh carrots and carrot juice are contraindicated in exacerbation of peptic ulcer and enteritis.

In an experiment on animals, an aqueous infusion of carrot seeds had a pronounced diuretic demineralizing effect, it turned out to be effective not only in the treatment of urolithiasis, but also in the relief of an attack of renal colic due to its antispasmodic effect. It was recommended for salt diathesis, inflammatory processes in the urinary tract, for violations of diuresis and excretory function of the kidneys.

From the seeds of carrots, the drug "Daukarin" was obtained, which is a sum of flavonoids, which had an antispasmodic, vasodilating effect on the coronary and peripheral vessels, relaxed smooth muscles, and had a calming effect on the central nervous system.

Daukarin was used in chronic coronary insufficiency, manifested by pain in the region of the heart and behind the sternum at rest or after physical exertion. At the same time, daukarin eliminated pain or significantly alleviated them. Treatment with daukarin slowed down and weakened angina attacks, but did not stop them.

Currently, the drug is discontinued in connection with the receipt of other, more effective means.

Carrots have long been highly valued in cosmetics, considered it an elixir of health and beauty. For example, the author of The Book of Medical Cosmetics, A. Aurden, writes, “If you regularly start drinking a glass of freshly prepared juice in the morning, before lunch and in the evening, you will have a healthy, flowering look. Under the influence of this simple remedy, fatigue disappears, a person feels young and full forces."

Carrot juice is especially recommended for dry skin. With dry and sluggish skin, it is used not only inside, but also externally, for nourishing masks.

Carrot juice, to which a few drops of lemon juice are added, is used to whiten the skin of the face and against freckles. And when rubbing carrot juice mixed with lemon into the scalp, hair grows better and acquires a beautiful shine.

Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.

Wild carrot, Daucus carota L. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation

Synonyms: D. sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl., D. esculentus Salisb, D. carota v. sativa Hoifm., Carota sativa Rupr.

Names: white. and Ukrainian carrot; Az. er kekyu; arm. gasar; cargo, stapilo; German Karotte, Gelbriibe, Mohre; Goal. wortel; dates gulerodder, carrotter; Swede, morot; English carrot; fr. carote; it. carota; Spanish ranahoria; port, cenoura; rum. morcovi; hung. murok, sagarepa; Slovenian Korenje, mrkva; Serb, mrkva, mrkvica; Czech karotka; Polish marchew, karota; Kirg. saby; uz. ccaysy.

Carrots are a biennial plant, although they can also be annuals.

In the wild, it is found among shrubs and forest edges in Europe and is a common weed in the gardens and orchards of Central Asia. It is customary to single out wild forms of carrots as a special type - wild carrots. Cultivated carrots evolved from wild ones.

Carrots have stems up to 1 m in height; leaves are triangular in shape, ovate or oblong, twice or four pinnate. Umbrellas are multi-beam; flowers are more often bisexual, but on the lateral umbrellas there are often only stamens. In the center of the umbrella (in place of the middle umbrella) there is a dark red (often cleistogamous) flower.

Petals are white or yellow, rarely pink or purple.

The seeds are covered with hairs. Weight of 1000 seeds - 2 g.

Carrot comes from Central Asia; wild carrots with irregular root crops are common there.

All vegetable (table) varieties are very uniform in root color, because the tastes of consumers (excluding the population of the East) converge on red or orange-red color. Among the Turkestan carrots, there are yellow forms of a completely cultural appearance.

In carrots, as in other umbelliferous root crops, clearly demarcated phloem and xylem tissues can be seen in the section.

The inner part of the root, formed by xylem, is called the core; the outer part formed by the phloem is called the bark or pulp.

The color of the bark of different varieties of table carrots varies slightly - just a shade.

All varieties of table carrots have an orange-red bark.

Varieties yellow, white, dark purple have white, yellow and dark purple bark, respectively.

The color of the core is a sign more variable than the color of the bark. In red carrots, the core is often yellow or orange-red, but lighter than the bark, sometimes it is the same color as the bark. In fodder (white, yellow and other) carrots, the color of the core also varies, being lighter and darker compared to the color of the bark.

Long varieties of carrots have the highest potential productivity. The earlier and, therefore, the shorter the carrot, the less productive it is, and, conversely, the later and longer the carrot, the higher its productivity.

In fact, the yield is made up of the potential productivity of the variety and the agrotechnical situation. Therefore, it is not uncommon for earlier varieties to harvest better places than later ones. For example, Valeria in the forest-steppe of Siberia does not have time to form a large root crop over the summer and is beaten every year in variety trials by Shantenay or Incomparable.

The giant Thapsia edulis Benth grows in Madeira. I Hook., called Carotte en Arbre (tree carrot) by Naudin, having large, fleshy, edible roots.

Author: Ipatiev A.N.

Carrot wild, Daucus carota. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• From cough: mix 1 tablespoon of chopped wild carrot roots with 1 cup of boiling water. Let it brew for 15-20 minutes, then strain and add a little honey. Take 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day.
• For stomach pain: mix 1 tablespoon of chopped wild carrot roots with 1 cup of boiling water. Let it brew for 15-20 minutes, then strain and drink 1 glass before meals.
• For sleep problems: mix 1 tablespoon of crushed wild carrot roots with 1 cup of milk. Heat over low heat until the milk boils. Let it brew for 10-15 minutes, then strain and drink before going to bed.
• For dental problems: grind the root of the wild carrot into a powder and mix with honey to make a paste. Apply the paste on your teeth and keep on them for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• For skin problems: grind the root of the wild carrot into a powder and mix with honey to make a paste. Apply the paste on problem areas of the skin and keep them for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: mix 1 tablespoon of crushed wild carrot root with 1 tablespoon of honey and a little milk. Apply to face for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• For skin whitening: crush the root of the wild carrot into a powder and mix with a little milk. Apply to the skin and keep on it for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Face cream: Mix 1 tablespoon of crushed wild carrot root with 1 tablespoon of coconut oil and a little beeswax. Melt all the ingredients in a water bath, mix and cool. Use a cream to moisturize and nourish your skin.
• Hair Mask: mix 1 cup of crushed wild carrot root with 1 cup of coconut oil and 1 egg. Apply to hair for 30-40 minutes, then rinse with shampoo.
• To strengthen nails: grate the root of a wild carrot on a fine grater and mix with a little olive oil. Apply to nails and massage for 5-10 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Carrot wild, Daucus carota. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

The wild carrot (Daucus carota) is a wild plant that produces root vegetables used for food.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing wild carrots:

Cultivation:

• Wild carrots can be grown both outdoors and in pots.
• It prefers a sunny position and well-drained soil.
• Seeds of wild carrots should be sown in the ground to a depth of about 1 cm.
• The plant needs moderate watering and regular feeding.

Workpiece:

• The roots of wild carrots are harvested when they reach maturity.
• For use in food, carrots must be washed, cleaned from the ground and processed.
• You can use carrots to make salads, soups, purees, casseroles, and more.

Storage:

• Wild carrots are best stored in a cool, dry and dark place to preserve their freshness and taste.
• It is not recommended to store wild carrots next to fruits or other vegetables, as they can release ethylene, which will speed up the aging process of carrots.
• Wild carrots can also be frozen to keep them fresh for a longer time.

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