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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Hemp. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Hemp, Cannabis. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Hemp (Cannabis) Family: Cannabis (Cannabaceae) Origin: The Cannabis genus is a group of plants that have been bred and used by humans for thousands of years. Currently, the exact origin of the genus is unknown, but it is believed that the historical center of the distribution of Cannabis is in Central Asia. Area: Hemp is found in many regions of the world including Asia, Europe, Africa, America and Australia. It can grow both outdoors and indoors and can thrive in a wide range of climates. Chemical composition: Hemp contains a large amount of biologically active substances, including cannabinoids such as delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), as well as terpenes, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Economic value: Hemp is widely used in medicine, food processing, textiles, paper making, furniture assembly, cosmetics and fuels. The cannabinoids found in cannabis also find medical use in the treatment of various ailments, including pain, anxiety, depression, insomnia, autoimmune diseases, epilepsy, and some forms of cancer. Legends, myths, symbolism: In different cultures, hemp has been used as a talisman against evil spirits and unwanted forces, as well as for communication with the spiritual world and prophecy. In ancient Chinese mythology, hemp was associated with immortality and was part of the rituals associated with ancestor worship. In Egyptian mythology, hemp was associated with the god Set, who represented the forces of chaos and corruption, as well as with the goddess Isis, who was the patroness of magic and healing. In Indian mythology, hemp was associated with the god Shiva, who, according to legend, used it as a meditative tool. Also in the Hindu tradition, cannabis has been used as a means to improve sexual life. In European culture, cannabis was associated with magic and sorcery. In the Middle Ages, it was used as a preparation for summoning spirits and creating elixirs of immortality.
Hemp, Cannabis. Description, illustrations of the plant Hemp seed, Cannabis sativa. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
Cultivated for the fiber obtained from the stems, as well as for the seeds. The fiber is durable, resistant to rotting, used for the manufacture of canvas, tarpaulin, tare fabric, ropes, twine. The seeds contain up to 35% drying oil (iodine number 140-165), the oil is used for food, for the manufacture of drying oil, oil paints. Cake is a valuable feed for livestock, it contains up to 10% fat and about 30% protein. Seeds are fed to domestic songbirds. Hemp was introduced into culture over a millennium BC. e. in Central Asia. It has long been cultivated by the peoples of China, Mongolia, India. Came to the Slavs from the Scythians in the XNUMXth century. BC e. Leading hemp growing countries are India and Pakistan. Cultivate hemp and many African countries, as well as China, Japan, USA, Chile and Peru. Hemp grows successfully in Ukraine, Belarus, the Volga region, the North Caucasus, Western Siberia. Hemp fiber is found in the bast part of the stem in the form of bast fiber bundles. They are separated from one another by parenchymal tissue, and the more it is, the more loose and discontinuous the fibrous layer. In the hemp stem, unlike flax, the fibrous bundles are divided into primary and secondary. Primary bast fibers are formed from the pericycle, and secondary - as a result of the activity of the cambium. The length of the primary hemp fiber is from 8 to 55 mm, the secondary - up to 4 mm.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L), Cannabis family (Cannabinaceae) is a dioecious plant. Male plants are called poskonya (derganets), female plants are called materka. Male plants, in comparison with female plants, are thinner-stemmed, less leafy, develop faster, and their fiber yield is higher. In crops, male and female specimens are found in approximately equal numbers. The hemp stem is covered with hairs, rounded at the bottom, 6-sided above, reaches 3-5 m in height with a thickness of 3,5-5,0 cm. The leaves are palmately divided, petiolate, fall off easily. Poskoni flowers are collected in an inflorescence - a brush, mothers are located in compact heads in the axils of the upper leaves. Poskohn and materka bloom at the same time; after flowering, male plants wither and soon die off, female plants continue to grow for 3-4 weeks. The fruit is a single-seeded, 2-winged nutlet. The weight of 1000 seeds is from 9 to 26 g and more. Monoecious cannabis varieties have now been created. This reduces labor costs and production costs. Monoecious cannabis is a new form. It has 3 types of plants: monoecious mother (plants of a female type with a predominance of female flowers over male ones); monoecious feminized mother (plants of a female type with a predominance of male flowers over female); feminized in the end. Hemp is a short day plant. Indian hemp - Cannabis indica Lam. - the second type of hemp, grows wild in Pakistan and Northeast Afghanistan. Annual plant, 1-1,5 m tall, with a straight branched stem, dioecious, rarely monoecious. All green parts of the plant contain hashish (composition of balms and glycosides) in the hairs of the epidermis, which acts as a strong drug. The rate and scheme of sowing hemp depend on the purpose of cultivation. When cultivating Zelenets - ordinary sowing, with a sowing rate of 5 to 7 million seeds, or 80-110 kg / ha. Harvesting of the stems to obtain only fiber (without seeds) is carried out by hemp harvesters at the same time hemp and hemp at the end of flowering. When soaking, hemp stalks must be sorted according to external signs with the removal of tops and leaves. The lobe is led in natural reservoirs, rivers or lakes. It lasts 15-18 days. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Wild hemp, Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa var. spontaneousea. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Wild hemp is an annual herbaceous plant outwardly very similar to cultivated hemp, only the leaves are somewhat narrower and pubescent below. It grows mainly in wastelands, landfills, near roads and fences, preferring fertile soils. It occurs throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Crimea, Poland, Bulgaria, Iran, China, India, Mongolia, Turkey. It has long been known as a useful fibrous and food plant, which was known as far back as 1500 BC. According to Herodotus, wild hemp was collected in significant quantities by the Scythian tribes of the Black Sea and Azov regions. Fiber from wild hemp is characterized by high strength, used to obtain coarse yarn, fabrics, weaving ropes and ropes. Wild hemp seeds contain 31-33% oil, which is quite edible, used in salads, in the manufacture of confectionery, baking butter bread, rolls. Oil is obtained from hemp seeds by cold pressing. Fresh oil has a pleasant taste and appetizing smell. In pre-revolutionary Russia, hemp oil was sold under the name lamp oil. Hemp cake is an excellent animal feed. Inflorescences and seedlings of hemp in folk medicine are considered a valuable and effective tool in the treatment of many diseases. It is given to patients in the form of infusions and decoctions, acting as a sedative, as a hypnotic and anticonvulsant. From powdered dry seeds, "milk" is prepared in water, which is given as a diuretic for diseases of the prostate and bladder. Author: Reva M.L.
Hemp. reference Information
Hemp grows well in weedy, fertilized places. In ancient times, hemp accompanied the nomads of man. She accompanied the Scythians, Pechenegs, Mongols. In the recent past, the site of the camps of the nomadic Kirghiz could easily be identified by the thickets of hemp. Hemp "settled" near human dwellings on soil free from other plants and fertilized. Delicious hemp seeds containing fat were eaten. Hemp oil has been extracted from hemp seeds for a long time. The twisted stems served as good ropes. Over time, the nomads began to make the basis for woolen carpets from hemp. Already the ancient nomads, putting hemp stalks into the fire, made the discovery that the smoke intoxicates it. They began to obtain hashish from hemp and smoke it. In Asia, intoxicating hashish was called the "glue of friendship" and "the causative agent of laughter", but it brought those who smoked it to convulsions and fits of madness. Hemp has poisonous properties. Even the strong smell of cannabis stems makes many people dizzy, and the infusion of the leaves acts like opium. Author: Verzilin N.
Cannabis against hares and butterflies. Featured article
In previous years, the peasants always considered hemp to be a special creature. Plant number one. Even daily bread - wheat and rye faded into the background. Wheat was sown where necessary. Hemp was assigned a plot next to the estate, so that you could always see how it lives there. Crop rotations also did not seem to concern the chosen one. Sowed in one place for countless years. And the soil did not tire, as under flax or clover. True, they did not spare manure for their ward. Hundreds of wagons were brought, shamelessly depriving wheat and rye, surprising the then few agronomists. They were indignant: where so much? But they couldn't do anything. Tradition! The reasons for this preference were very good. Let's start in order. Why the chosen one? Yes, for the simple reason that it is a profitable culture. Half of Russia until the end of the last century dressed in hemp linen. Why close to home? To make it easier to carry manure and to carry raw materials closer to the lobe. Why so much manure? Not in vain, of course. Of all the crops, hemp depletes the soil the most. Gotta make up for it. Replenished. And where the limit, no one could establish. Focused on wheat. If you dung too much, the bread will fall. This is a signal: enough fertilizer. The hemp didn't go down. We thought it was a good sign, what else can be added. However, hemp never lodges, no matter how much manure you lay down. Until now, this has remained unclear, but it is extremely important to reveal the secret of non-compliance. As for manure, with an excess of its fiber becomes worse. Its walls are thinning out. The fortress is being lost... In general, there were many controversial and incomprehensible things in the fate of hemp. Start at least with fiber. Although Russia was dressed in hemp fabrics, hemp fiber was used more for coarse products. On ropes, sails and tarps. And it's still going. They say that Prophetic Oleg owes his success to this particular plant. When he returned from a campaign against Constantinople, he had to equip 2000 ships. Ropes, sails - all from hemp. Abroad, connoisseurs conjured a lot on hemp and came to the conclusion that it is only suitable for ropes. You won't get good, thin fabrics. Flax is far away. Various experts agreed with them. Only one Kursk landowner, M. Puzanov, did not agree. He passionately dreamed of making fabrics from hemp that were not inferior to linen. Perhaps Puzanov would not have had to surprise the world if it were not for his love for mills. He could sit for hours, watching the work of the millstones, in awe of this ingenious and simple invention. With spiritual trepidation, he watched how the faceted buckwheat grain, passing between the millstones, loses its black rustling husk. The thought came: what if we skip a hemp between the millstones? The fact is that it also contains a lot of "husks" - those adhesives that firmly bind the bast fibers. And although from time immemorial hemp was beaten and crushed to knock out the excess, a lot of it remained and spoiled the product.
No sooner said than done. The millstones crush and shake the hemp. "Cement" is loosened. The finest fibers are released. In general, by the end of the 70s of the last century, Puzanov managed to make fabrics that were not always possible even from linen. At the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, the jury unanimously awarded him a gold medal. They sent samples to Paris, which surprised the then textile authorities to the extreme. Encouraged by good luck, Puzanov thinks about a new problem. She is more difficult. The point is this. Cannabis is a dioecious creature. Part of the plants with male flowers - down. Another part with women's materka. Both provide fiber. But at different times. Get up early, mother - later. If you wait until the materka ripens, it will overripe. If removed earlier, the grain will not ripen. Grains are seeds and oil. The oil is tasty, beautiful, slightly greenish. They adapted like this: as soon as it ripens, they pull it through. Leave the women. The operation, of course, is difficult and troublesome. Hemp is sown thickly, otherwise the fiber will lose quality. In more often stems, choosing male ones is a great art. It is necessary not to crush the female immature ones. Puzanov is puzzled: why so many men? Couldn't it be smaller? He read about the date palm - there they keep five men for a hundred women. Isn't it the same with cannabis? Foreign experts generally believe that men are not needed. What can be done without fertilization. The naturalist chooses a remote place in the grove, remote from the hemp growers. And in four ravines he sows his offspring. Then he pulls it out cleanly in three sections. On the fourth, it leaves a little, like a date palm. The result was stunning. Seeds sprang up in all the ravines. Is there enough men? Was it pollen from distant fields? Repeat the experience away from the village. In the city would! Rescued the case. The grower fell seriously ill. I was forced to be treated in Kursk for two and a half years. He immediately realized that it was possible to set up the experiment in his garden, in the center of the city, where, of course, the townspeople did not grow raw materials for ropes. This time he weeded it all clean. Left one mother. What will happen? The deadline has passed. The seeds didn't set. Foreign authorities were put to shame. Pollen was clearly required for the pollination of the mother. And suddenly, in mid-July, the seeds began to ripen! The poor sick man, despite the prohibition of doctors, went to the outskirts of Kursk: are there hemp growers there? Where did the pollen come from? I did find it! In the Cossack settlement. The hemp grower is small, but Puzanov is happy about that. From it to the city center, to the Puzanovskiye beds, about a kilometer. But why does it bloom so late? It turned out that the Sloboda residents were late with sowing and the plants had just opened their first flowers. But the experimenter was even more surprised when, a month later, seeds began to set on a spare plot, which was sown later just in case. Where is the pollen now? After all, that belated hemp in the Cossack settlement should have faded long ago. Puzanov again hurries to the settlement. And what? The hemp has really blossomed. But individual blades of grass survived, lagging behind in growth. They eked out a miserable existence under the shadow of their two-meter tall brethren. Now those have been removed, the blades of grass have recovered and managed to give some pollen. The naturalist triumphs. The guesses are completely confirmed. It is necessary to have very little waste on the hemp plant. Let everything else be mother. But wait, how do you do that? It would be possible to select the seeds that will give birth later. How will you take it? Externally, the seeds are the same. The Kursk craftsman failed to solve this last problem. And no one seems to have solved it yet.
They did it differently. We noticed that in the hemp sea there are monoecious plants, where both male and female flowers. Cleaning, then, can be done at once. However, hemp that ripens at the same time gives fiber is not the same ... But for the sake of fiber, we fence the garden! In addition, the fields of such hemp must be kept from ordinary hemp no closer than two kilometers. Otherwise, pollen will fly in, as from a Cossack settlement, and everything will go down the drain. And yet, this Himalayan plant is dear to us not only with fiber and oil. It is of increasing interest to naturalists on the other hand. There was such a case. A reader asked the editors of one magazine: how to get rid of weeds in the garden? The editors posted the answer. It said: "Sow hemp between apple trees. It will save you. Hemp will help get rid of weeds!" Hemp also protects against pests. We noticed that potatoes do not suffer from late blight if our lanky friend is nearby. Its secretions are detrimental to the fungus. And here is what an Indian botanist C. Bose wrote at the end of the last century: "The planting of protected cabbage fields with a small number of hemp plants often turns out to be an excellent way to protect them from being devoured by caterpillars." Half a century later, the German scientist W. Gerold took the advice of Bos and fenced off the cabbage field with hemp fences. However, there was a problem. Hemp not only did not protect the cabbage from whites. She seemed to have attracted a pest. Butterflies rushed here from all sides and laid their eggs in abundance. Maybe Bos was wrong? Not at all. Both are right, Bos and Herold. The effect of cannabis, like any other plant, depends on where and how it is planted. And if you know the nature of this herb well, you can successfully use it against whites and other evil spirits. Connoisseurs know that hemp sown in a swamp smells so that it can be heard from afar. On lean sandy soils, its aroma is almost imperceptible. Butterflies drive away the smell of persistent, strong. Most likely, Herold's cabbage grew on the sand. Besides, he probably sowed it too thickly. A dense fence was created, which delayed the wind and created ideal conditions for the butterflies. At the end of the last century, the ringed silkworm often hosted the gardens. Butterflies laid their eggs on young shoots in rings. The caterpillars then ate the leaves clean. Gardeners suffering from the silkworm tried to fight back with hemp. Unfortunately, with mixed success. "If you grow hemp," experts said, "sow away from trees. Otherwise, you won't find other pests!" One stubborn gardener who did not like to listen did just the opposite. And sowed hemp under the very crowns. When the plants grew up, they rested their tops on the lower branches of the trees. In the second year after sowing, the gardener could not find a single ring of silkworm eggs. The pest is gone. Neighbors came running to watch and adopt such a successful experience. They also sowed cannabis under the crowns. Ringed silkworm then disappeared from them. But in the fall, so many other pests piled up that the damage from them turned out to be even greater than from the silkworm. The neighbors again ran to the stubborn gardener. But that garden was clean. To avoid attracting pests, he mowed down the cannabis before it produced seeds. By this time, there was no longer a need for it. In some countries, hemp has long been used to protect soybean plantations if hares are too annoying. The field is fenced with hemp strips. For hares - an insurmountable barrier. Hemp fences came into fashion in Europe at the end of the last century. The extraordinary properties of hemp seduced many scientists and just amateur gardeners. Until now, it still keeps many mysteries and ambiguities. Take some seeds. Their color almost exactly corresponds to the color of the soil on which they fall when ripe. Connoisseurs believe that this is no accident. That the protective coloration of the seeds is a remedy for eating them by birds. At first glance, the law of seed preservation looks quite logical and correct. In fact, this law is not always justified. At least not for all birds. It is worth coming to the hemp plant at the time when the seeds ripen to make sure: there are plenty of pigeons and pheasants here. Pheasants are so full that they are too lazy to climb on the wing. Here they rest in the shade, sitting comfortably, making baths for bathing in the dust. Even in winter, when the harvest has long been harvested, pheasants continue to visit the places of summer feasts and collect crumbling grains from the ground. What attracts them to cannabis? Perhaps their instinct tells them the great usefulness of hemp seeds. People have been making phytin out of them for a long time - a cure for anemia and neuralgia. Maybe hemp is good for pheasants too? I do not presume to judge how necessary such activity of birds is for the grass itself, for its settlement. Perhaps, ground beetles bring great benefits. They are attracted to oily seed appendages. At night, sometimes ground beetles go out to harvest and drag them to their garbage shelters as much as they can. Appendages are eaten, and the seeds are thrown immediately. They grow new stems. Scientists have recently established another curious fact. Over the summer, hemp builds up as much wood in its stems as a pine tree needs to save up for two years. And this is provided that the pine grows on the best soils, and hemp on ordinary ones. If you give the best soil and hemp, then it will surpass pine three times and even four times! From a hectare it will give 12 cubic meters of wood, and pine - only two and a half. Author: Smirnov A.
Hemp. Legends, the birthplace of the plant, the history of distribution
Once upon a time, Scythian nomads roamed the Black Sea steppes. All their simple belongings fit in a wagon. When the horses ate grass in the nearest meadow, the Scythians migrated to a new place. Now there are no traces of their presence in our Black Sea region. Only in ancient barrows do archaeologists dig out rare gizmos made by the hands of the Scythians. But in our fields a living monument of that distant time has been preserved. This is hemp. She came along with the Scythians from Central Asia, having traveled thousands of kilometers. It was enough for a handful of seeds to get into the carts of nomads for hemp to take root in a new place. For a long time, hemp was ignored. And it grew like nettles in the rubbish heaps. But the turn has come for her to take a place on the Russian fields. What did our distant ancestors find useful in hemp? First of all - tasty seeds. They were eaten as willingly as sunflower seeds are shelled today. And even many centuries later, when crop failures occurred in Russian villages, the peasants were fed with hemp seed. Over time, they learned to squeeze greenish oil from the seeds. Food was cooked on it. They also illuminated the dwellings. A hundred years ago, lanterns on Moscow streets were filled with hemp oil. Cannabis now has new professions. She turned into a "soap maker" and a "paint maker". What is laundry soap made from? Mainly from hemp oil. What are oil paints used for? On drying oil. And it is also very often prepared from hemp oil. Each of us has to deal with a rope. Where does she come from? From the hemp field. Hemp stems have very strong fibers - the famous hemp. From hemp and weave ropes. In the old days in Rus' there was a custom to catch large animals in pens. Poles were dug into the ground, and hemp nets were stretched between them. The strength of the nets was such that it could withstand the pressure of angry bears. They haven't hunted like this for a long time. But hemp has not lost its value even in our century. Until now, hemp nets and ropes have been regularly serving fishermen. Bags are made from hemp. Hemp is the best material for sealing gaps in log buildings. When a leak forms in the pipes in the apartment, we call a plumber. He unscrews the pipes, winds something around the threads and unscrews them again. And the pipes will stop flowing. This "something" is hemp - a proven plumber's assistant. Author: Osipov N.F.
Hemp, Cannabis. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Hemp, Cannabis. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Hemp (Cannabis) is a perennial plant used as a medicinal, food and industrial raw material. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing hemp: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
Some types of cannabis may be prohibited by law, so before growing, you should make sure that this activity is legal in your area.
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