Why is the drum round? Detailed answer

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Why is the drum round? Detailed answer

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Why is the drum round?

The drum is perhaps the most popular of all percussion instruments. Even today it looks the same as many centuries ago, and looks like a segment of a large wooden pipe, the ends of which are covered with leather. The membrane of this instrument is stretched over a wooden or metal ring. Previously, this was done with rope and nails, now special metal screws are used to stretch leather or synthetic film.

But why is the drum always round and not square or, for example, not triangular? The answer is very simple. It turns out that you can stretch the skin evenly only on a circle.

They play the drum with wooden sticks with bulges at the end. With their help, you can cause a variety of effects - from a faint rustle to thunder, the most difficult thing is drumming, that is, a fast tremolo.

Author: Cellarius E.Yu.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Whose language names trees according to the sound the wind makes when it blows through them?

In the language of the Mi'kmaq Indians, some trees are named after the sound the wind makes when it blows through them an hour after sunset in autumn. Moreover, with a change in this sound, the names of the trees also change.

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Asteroseismology as music for measuring distances to stars 03.01.2024

The team of astronomers used asteroseismology, studying the vibrations of stars, to more accurately measure their distances from Earth. Researchers focused on thousands of stars, analyzing measurements taken by the Gaia mission, designed to study the nearby Universe.

Ten years ago, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Gaia mission, which provided astronomers with unique data about the nearby Universe. The Gaia project, which has collected information on the position, distance and motion of nearly two billion stars, has become an important tool for the study of outer space.

The Standard Candles and Distances research team at EPFL, led by Professor Richard Anderson, set out to measure the current expansion of the Universe, counting Gaia as a key element in their research. The Gaia mission has increased the accuracy of parallax measurements by 10 times compared to ESA's previous Hipparcos mission. Today, astronomers use parallaxes to determine distances to stars, but this method becomes more difficult as distance increases.

Despite Gaia's success, measuring parallax is challenging, and scientists at EPFL and the University of Bologna in Italy have been working to check and correct small systematic errors to fully unlock the potential of Gaia's parallaxes. In their study, more than 12 wobbling red giants were analyzed, providing the most precise measurements to date.

Just as geologists use earthquakes to study the structure of the Earth, astronomers use asteroseismology, the study of the vibrations of stars, to gain information about their physical properties. The vibrations of stars are measured as small changes in the intensity of light, which are then converted into sound waves, creating the frequency spectrum of these vibrations.

“The frequency spectrum allows us to determine the distance to the star by providing asteroseismic parallaxes,” the scientists note. “In our study, we listened to the “music” of a huge number of stars, some of which are 15 light years away!”

To translate sounds into distance measurements, the researchers began by determining that the speed at which sound waves travel through space depends on the temperature and density of the star's interior.

"By analyzing the frequency spectrum of a star's vibrations, we can estimate the size of a star, just as one can determine the size of a musical instrument by the sound it makes, thinking about the difference in pitch between a violin and a cello," explains Professor Andrea Miglio, Professor at the Bolognese Department of Physics and Astronomy University, the third author of the study.

By calculating the size of the star in this way, astronomers determined its luminosity and compared it with the brightness visible on Earth. They then combined this information with temperature and chemical composition data obtained from spectroscopy and analyzed this data to calculate the distance to the star. Finally, the astronomers compared the parallaxes obtained in the study with those provided by Gaia to check the accuracy of the satellite's measurements.

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